安全隐患识别五部曲丨34页pptx

23Hazard Identification 認出風险Carry out work in the slag industry involves a variety of risks. 矿渣工业的运作产生不同的危害Maintaining a safe working environment means being aware of these risks and controlling them. 若要有一个安全的工作环境, 便要注意及控制所有的危害4Hazard Identification = Risk Evaluation 認出危害 = 風险评估This training exercise will enable you to: 这次训练是希望你们能:Define the terms - risk, hazard, hazard effect, and probability. 明白甚麼是「危害」、「嚴重性」、「可能性」及「風險」Carry out a practical risk assessment for a given task. 工作前进行风险评估List the sources of potential hazards associated with plant isolations. 認出危害，找出減少危害的方法5Risk Evaluation 風險評估Every activity has some risk attached to it. 每项活动均有風險As the picture below shows, no activity is absolutely safe. Risk is associated with every aspect of daily life. 像以下的图片, 没有一项活动是绝对安全。我们日常生活总会遇到不同程度的風险6Risk Evaluation 風險評估Although there are risks associated with every activity people still carry them out - why? 虽然我们每项活动都存有風险, 但为什么我们仍然要继续?The chances of the hazard occurring are small. 危害发生的機會很低The possible effect of the hazard is small. 该危害的影响程度很细The associated risks are acceptable. 有关的風险是可接受7Risk Evaluation 風險評估Would you fly to a holiday destination? 你会否坐飞机到外地旅遊?In deciding whether you would fly or not to a holiday destination, you may have considered a number of things. 旅遊前，决定是否坐飞机, 你可能会考虑很多事情 。。。What could go wrong? 会有什么事?What will happen if it does go wrong, and how serious will it be? 如果真的有事發生,會有多严重? How likely is it to go wrong? 发生的可能性有多大? 8Risk Evaluation 風險評估To decide whether it is safe to carry out an activity, it is necessary to assess the hazard, the affects of the hazards, and their probabilities. 在考虑进行一项活动是否安全时, 必须認出危害、它的嚴重性及可能性Hazards, Hazard Effects and Probability. 危害、嚴重性及可能性9Risk Evaluation風險評估The work HAZARD refers to the things which could go wrong when carrying out a task or activity. 危害是指当进行一项工作或活動时会否出错There is no foolproof way to identify all the hazards associated with an activity, although experience is an advantage. 實際上，未必可以把全部的危害認出，但若是有经验，會有很大的幫助，10Risk Evaluation 風險評估Thinking about the sorts of thing which could happen as a result of the activity will highlight potential hazards. 從不同角度考虑活动可能发生的问题,認出它的有關危害One way to identify potential hazards is to ask the question, What if? 認出潜在危害是要多问问题 “如果这样的話…..會有甚麼事情發生…..”11Risk Evaluation風險評估When carrying out an activity, hazards may come from a variety of sources. 当进行一个活动时, 可能遇上不同程度的危害Tools or equipment 工具或机器 Time 时间 Location 地点 Materials 物资 Adjacent activities 毗邻活动 The activity 该活动 12Risk Evaluation 風險評估When identifying hazards, the activity should not be considered in isolation. 当認出危害的時候, 不应将该工作獨立來看The hazards may not be the same each time a task is carried out. 每項工作，當在不同时间进行时, 都可能会有不同的危害13Risk Evaluation風險評估To decide whether it is safe to carry out an activity, it is necessary to identify the hazard, the affects of the hazards, and their probabilities. 在判斷一项活动是否安全时, 必须認出危害、考虑它的嚴重性及其可能性Lets look at each picture above to learn more about hazards, hazard effects and probability. 以上图片, 就是講述危害、它的嚴重性及可能性 ü14Risk Evaluation風險評估The term hazard effect relates to the consequences of a particular hazard arising. 危害的嚴重性是指危害可能導至的后果What will happen if the activity goes wrong….. 如果事情出错会怎样…And how serious will it be? 及其严重性?15Risk Evaluation 風險評估The hazard effect may be short term or long term. 危害可造成短期或长期的破壞It may also be immediate or delayed, which will give people time to escape. 這些破壞可能是突然发生（沒时间逃生）, 亦可能經過一斷長時間才发生（有时间逃生）16Risk Evaluation 風險評估The hazard effect may result in ... 危害的嚴重性可能会導致…People being hurt 员工受伤 17Risk Evaluation 風險評估The hazard effect can be described as ... 危害的嚴重性可能會是…Medium 中等 Large 重大 Small 輕微 18Risk Evaluation 風險評估To decide whether it is safe to carry out an activity, it is necessary to assess the hazard, the affects of the hazards, and their probabilities. 在判斷一项活动是否安全时, 必须認出危害、考虑它的嚴重性及其可能性üüLets look at the next picture above to learn more about hazards, hazard effects and probability. 我们再繼序了解更多有關危害、它的嚴重性及可能性19Risk Evaluation 風險評估 Probability is the likelihood of something occurring. 可能性就是指事情发生的机会有多大Probability is used in lots of everyday activities. 我们日常生活中經常考虑到事故發生的“可能性”12354620In a risk assessment, probability refers to the likelihood of a particular hazard arising. 在風险评估中, 可能性是指危害會发生的机会For example, when an activity is carried out, the likelihood of a particular hazard occurring may be: 举例说, 进行一项活动时, 发生事故的可能性是:Every time 經常One time out of a hundred 百分之一的机会Once in a lifetime 一生一次One time out of ten 十分之一的机会Risk Evaluation 風險評估21Risk Assessment 風險評估The probability of a particular hazard arising may be influenced by the... 危害發生的可能性是跟以下情況有關:22The probability of a particular hazard arising can be described as... 危害发生的可能性可分为….Small 低 Large 高Risk Evaluation 風險評估23TRUE 正确FALSE 错误Risk Evaluation 風險評估24QSelect True or False for the following statement. “In risk assessment, probability refers to the consequences of a particular hazard arising”. 在以下句子中, 是正确還是错误: “在風险评估中, 可能性是指危害發生可能導至的后果”TRUE 正确FALSE 错误Yes. In risk assessment, probability is the likelihood of a particular hazard arising. The consequences of a particular hazard arising are the hazard effects. 正确。在風险评估中, “可能性”是指危害可能会发生的机会。而嚴重性是指危害發生可能導至的后果。Risk Evaluation25To decide whether it is safe to carry out an activity, it is necessary to assess the hazard, the affects of the hazards, and their probabilities. 在判斷一项活动是否安全时, 必须認出危害、考虑它的嚴重性及其可能性üüüYou have now found out about hazards, hazard effects and probability. 現在，你應該已經明白什么是危害、嚴重性及可能性。 Lets find out how these elements are used in risk assessment. 让我们一起看看如何应用這些元素去进行危险评估Risk Evaluation 風险评估26The risk is calculated by multiplying the Hazard Effect by the Probability of it occurring. 计算風险是将危害的嚴重性與可能性相成RISK = HAZARD EFFECT x PROBABILITY 風险 = 嚴重性 x 可能性Risk Evaluation Risk Assessment 風險評估 風险計算27Risk Assessment 風险計算 When the two values are not the same, the risk is calculated as being the higher of the two... 在嚴重性跟可能性是不一樣，计算风险時，便取两者中的较高值Unless one is high and the other is low, in which case the risk is medium. 但如果兩個數值，一个是高，一个是低, 它們的风险為中H = High高 M = Medium中 L = Low低For example if the hazard effect is medium and the probability is low, the risk is medium rather than low. 举例说, 如嚴重性是中, 可能性是低, 相應风险為中而不是低28Risk Assessment 風险計算 Although there is some risk associated with all activity, there are a number of ways in which it might be reduced, for example by …. 雖然每一個活動都有相應的風險，我們可以使用不同的方法把風險減少,比如:Taking appropriate precautions. 采用适当的预防措施Changing the approach. 改变处理的方法29Risk Assessment 風险計算 Even after suitable precautions have been taken, procedures followed, and where necessary the approach changed, there may still be some risk associated with the task. 就算已采用适当的防预措施、遵守程序、甚至就需要而改变了处理方法后,有关的工作亦可能有風险The remaining risk is referred to as the residual risk. 这些余下的風险就叫做 ”剩余風险”The residual risk may be ……. 剩余風险可能是…. Large 高30Risk Assessment 風险計算 To carry out a simple risk assessment for a task, you need to….. 工作前，进行的風险评估, 我们需要…Identify the hazards 确认危险Make final assessment and decide whether to proceed. 进行最后评估並决定该活动是否应该进行Assess the hazard effects, probability and risk 認出危、它的嚴重性、可能性及風险1234531Risk AssessmentThe risk is calculated by multiplying the Hazard Effect by the Probability of it occurring. 计算風险是将危害的嚴重性與可能性相成RISK = HAZARD EFFECT x PROBABILITY 風险 = 嚴重性 x 可能性32Risk AssessmentWhen the two values are not the same, the risk is calculated as being the higher of the two... 在嚴重性跟可能性是不一樣，计算风险時，便取两者中的较高值Unless one is high and the other is low, in which case the risk is medium. 但如果兩個數值，一个是高，一个是低, 它們的风险為中H = High高 M = Medium中 L = Low低For example if the hazard effect is medium and the probability is low, the risk is medium rather than low. 举例说, 如嚴重性是中, 可能性是低, 相應风险為中而不是低33Risk Assessment SummaryIn a risk assessment ... 在一个危险评估中…a hazard is something which could go wrong when carrying out a task 危害是当执行一个任务时因出错而产生的the consequences of a particular hazard arising is a hazard effect 嚴重性是危害所造成的后果Risk = hazard effect x probability 風险 = 嚴重性 x 可能性