欧洲碳关税获批！

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今天欧洲议会投票最终通过了CBAM及EU ETS改革的法案， 欧洲议会批准碳关税（CBAM)，2026年起分步取消ETS免费碳配额， 2027年起道路运输和建筑纳入ETS；尚待欧盟理事会批准！

接下来该走欧盟理事会流程啦，欧盟碳关税未来已来！

欧洲议会以487票赞成、81票反对和75票弃权通过了新的欧盟碳边界调整机制（CBAM）的规则，这项机制旨在激励非欧盟国家提高其气候雄心，并确保欧盟和全球气候努力不会因生产从欧盟转移到政策不太雄心勃勃的国家而受到破坏。CBAM涵盖的产品包括铁、钢、水泥、铝、化肥、电力、氢气以及特定条件下的间接排放。这些产品的进口商必须支付生产国支付的碳价格与欧盟碳排放交易体系中碳配额价格之间的差价。CBAM将从2026年至2034年逐步实施，与欧盟交易体系逐步取消免费配额的速度相同。

此外，碳排放交易体系改革以413票赞成、167票反对和57票弃权获得通过。它提高了交易体系的雄心，到2030年，交易体系覆盖的所有部门温室气体排放量必须比2005年的水平减少62%。它还从2026年到2034年逐步取消了对公司的免费配额，并为道路运输燃料和建筑创建了一个单独的新交易体系（ETS II），将在2027年（如果能源价格异常高，则为2028年）为这些行业的温室气体排放定价。欧洲议会还首次投票决定将海事部门的温室气体排放纳入排放交易体系（500票对131票，11票弃权），并同意修订航空部门排放交易体系，（463票对117票，64票弃权）。这将在2026年前逐步取消对航空部门的免费配额，并促进可持续航空燃料的使用。

另一项法案是与成员国达成的在2026年设立欧盟社会气候基金（SCF）的协议以521票对75票、43票弃权获得通过，以确保气候转型公平且具有社会包容性。特别受能源和运输短缺影响的弱势家庭、微型企业和运输用户将从中受益。一旦完全到位，SCF一部分来源于通过拍卖ETS II配额获得的高达650亿欧元的资金，额外的25%来源于成员国的贡献（估计总额为867亿欧元）。

据了解，上述法案的文本现在也必须获得欧盟理事会的正式核准，最终在《欧盟官方公报》上发布，并在发布20天后生效。

Fit for 55: Parliament adopts key laws to reach 2030 climate target

• Free allowances in the Emissions Trading System (ETS) to be phased out from 2026

• Road transport and buildings in new ETS II from 2027

• New carbon leakage instrument to protect EU industry and increase global climate ambition

• A Social Climate Fund to combat energy and mobility poverty

MEPs adopted the reform of the EU’s Emissions Trading System including for aviation and maritime, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and a new Social Climate fund.

On Tuesday, Parliament approved the deals reached with EU countries in late 2022 on several key pieces of legislation that are part of the “Fit for 55 in 2030 package”. This is the EU’s plan to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels in line with the European Climate Law.

Emissions Trading System reform

The reform of the Emissions Trading System (ETS) was adopted with 413 votes in favour to 167 against and 57 abstentions. It increases the ambition of the ETS, as GHG emissions in the ETS sectors must be cut by 62% by 2030 compared to 2005-levels. It also phases out free allowances to companies from 2026 until 2034 and creates a separate new ETS II for fuel for road transport and buildings that will put a price on GHG emissions from these sectors in 2027 (or 2028 if energy prices are exceptionally high).

For more details on the ETS reform, see the press release after the deal with EU countries.

Parliament also voted to include, for the first time, GHG emissions from the maritime sector in the ETS (500 votes to 131 and 11 abstentions) and agreed to the revision of the ETS for aviation (463 votes to 117 and 64 abstentions). This will phase out the free allowances to the aviation sector by 2026 and promote the use of sustainable aviation fuels.

New carbon leakage instrument created

With 487 votes to 81 and 75 abstentions, Parliament adopted the rules for the new EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which aims to incentivise non-EU countries to increase their climate ambition and to ensure that EU and global climate efforts are not undermined by production being relocated from the EU to countries with less ambitious policies.

The goods covered by CBAM are iron, steel, cement, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity, hydrogen as well as indirect emissions under certain conditions. Importers of these goods would have to pay any price difference between the carbon price paid in the country of production and the price of carbon allowances in the EU ETS.

The CBAM will be phased in from 2026 until 2034 at the same speed as the free allowances in the EU ETS are being phased out.

For more details on CBAM, see the press release after the deal with EU countries.

A Social Climate Fund to combat energy poverty

The deal with member states to set up an EU Social Climate Fund (SCF) in 2026 to ensure that the climate transition will be fair and socially inclusive was adopted with 521 votes to 75 and 43 abstentions. Vulnerable households, micro-enterprises and transport users who are particularly affected by energy and transport poverty will benefit from this. When fully in place, the SCF will be funded from auctioning ETS II allowances up to an amount of €65 billion, with an additional 25% covered by national resources (amounting to an estimated total of €86,7 billion).

For more details on the Fund, see the press release after the deal with EU countries.

Next steps

The texts now also have to be formally endorsed by Council. They will then be published in the EU Official Journal and enter into force 20 days later.

In adopting these pieces of legislation, Parliament is responding to the expectations of citizens for the EU to  accomplish and speed up the green transition  as expressed in Proposals 3(1), 3(8), 3(9), 11(1) and 11(7), of the conclusions of the Conference on the Future of Europe.

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