每周分子 | Molecule of the Week
每周分子 | Molecule of the Week
gh_0320d0d498b4
ACS作为权威科学信息的主要来源，是全球化学企业、化学家、化学工程师和相关人员的职业家园。
点击上方， 订阅话题 ，不错过每周分子！
每周分子： β-蒎烯
Molecule of the Week: β-Pinene
β-蒎烯是一种双环单萜，是松树和其他针叶树产生的树脂中含量第二多的成分。含量最多的是其异构体α-蒎烯 1 ，为2012年5月14日的每周分子。这两种蒎烯在自然界中都以其(+)和(-)对映体的形式存在。此处显示的是β-蒎烯的(+)-对映体 。
蒎烯是松节油 2 的主要成分。在油基涂料的鼎盛时期，松节油是一种被广泛用于稀释剂和清洁剂中的溶剂。它也可用于清漆和合成有用的有机化合物的原料。
早在1875年，美国专利US162394中就提及了松节油，美国德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿的Archibald K.Lee在一种改进的工艺中使用了松节油来溶解“asphaltum”, asphaltum是一种可溶沥青(asphalt)。1893年，来自纽约市的Walter E.Rohner因蒎烯在木材抛光剂中的应用而获得US498961的专利权。
1896年，著名的德国化学家Adolf von Baeyer在一篇广泛讨论萜烯起源的论文中首次确证了β-蒎烯 3 。Baeyer还开发了靛蓝、酚酞和荧光素的合成方法，他被授予1905年诺贝尔化学奖。
1. CAS 登记号：80-56-8
2. CAS 登记号：9005-90-7
3. https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cber.18960290104
β-蒎烯信息速览
|
CAS 登记号 |
127-91-3 |
|
CAS SciFinder命名 |
Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene- |
|
分子式 |
C 10 H 16 |
|
摩尔质量 |
136.23 g/mol |
|
外观 |
无色液体 |
|
沸点 |
166 °C |
|
水溶性 |
不可溶 |
β-蒎烯危害信息
GHS分类：易燃液体，分类3 |
|
|
H226-易燃液体和蒸气 |
|
GHS分类：急性毒性，口服，分类4 |
|
H302-吞食有害 |
|
GHS分类：吸入危害，分类1 |
|
H304-如果吞食并进入呼吸道可能致命 |
|
GHS分类：皮肤急性毒性，分类4 |
|
H312-与皮肤接触有害 |
|
GHS分类：皮肤腐蚀/刺激，分类2 |
|
H315-引起皮肤刺激 |
|
GHS分类：致敏，皮肤，分类1 |
|
H317-可能引起过敏性皮肤反应 |
|
GHS分类：严重眼损伤/眼刺激，分类2A |
|
H319引起严重眼刺激 |
|
GHS分类：急性毒性，吸入，分类4 |
|
H332-吸入有害 |
|
GHS分类：特定目标器官毒性，单次接触，呼吸道刺激，分类3 |
|
H335-可能引起呼吸道刺激 |
|
GHS分类：短期(急性)水生危害，分类1 |
|
H400-对水生生物有剧毒 |
|
GHS分类：长期(慢性)水生危害，分类1 |
|
H410-对水生生物具有长期毒性 |
|
【 关于每周分子 】
自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的CAS SciFinder n 中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。 发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧 。
β-Pinene, a bicyclic monoterpene, is the second-most abundant constituent of the resins produced by pine trees and other conifers. The most abundant is its isomer α-pinene 1 , the Molecule of the Week for May 14, 2012. Both pinenes exist in nature as their (+)- and (–)-enantiomers. The images show the (+)-enantiomer of β-pinene.
The pinenes are the chief ingredients of turpentine 2 , a solvent that was in widespread use as a diluent and cleaner when oil-based paints were in their heyday. It is also used in varnishes and as a raw material for synthesizing useful organic compounds.
Turpentine was mentioned in the chemical literature as early as 1875 in US Patent 162,394, in which Archibald K. Lee of Galveston, TX, used it in an improved process to dissolve “asphaltum”, a soluble form of asphalt. In 1893, Walter E. Rohner of New York City was awarded US 498,961 for its use in a “wood-polishing compound”.
β-Pinene itself was first identified in 1896 by noted German chemist Adolf von Baeyer in an extensive paper on the origins of terpenes3. Baeyer, who also developed syntheses of indigo, phenolphthalein, and fluorescein, was awarded the 1905 Nobel Prize in Chemistry .
1. CAS Reg. No. 80-56-8
2. CAS Reg. No. 9005-90-7
3. https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cber.18960290104
β-Pinene fast facts
|
CAS Reg. No. |
127-91-3 |
|
SciFinder nomenclature |
Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene- |
|
Empirical formula |
C 10 H 16 |
|
Molar mass |
136.23 g/mol |
|
Appearance |
Colorless liquid |
|
Boiling point |
166 °C |
|
Water solubility |
Insoluble |
β-Pinene hazard information
Flammable liquids, category 2 |
|
|
H226-Flammable liquid and vapor |
|
Acute toxicity, oral, category 4 |
|
H302-Harmful if swallowed |
|
Aspiration hazard, category 1 |
|
H304-May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways |
|
Acute toxicity, dermal, category 4 |
|
H312-Harmful in contact with skin |
|
Skin corrosion/irritation, category 2 |
|
H315-Causes skin irritation |
|
Sensitization, skin, category 1 |
|
H317-May cause an allergic skin reaction |
|
Serious eye damage/eye irritation, category 2A |
|
H319-Causes serious eye irritation |
|
Acute toxicity, inhalation, category 4 |
|
H332-Harmful if inhaled |
|
Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure, respiratory tract irritation, category 3 |
|
H335-May cause respiratory irritation |
|
Short-term (acute) aquatic hazard, category 1 |
|
H400-Very toxic to aquatic life |
|
Long-term (chronic) aquatic hazard, category 1 |
|
H410-Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lastingeffects |
|
About Molecule of the Week
MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using CAS SciFinder n . Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org .
每周分子Molecule of the Week ：苯甲腈
点击“阅读原文”
你“赏”我吗？