每周分子 | Molecule of the Week
每周分子 | Molecule of the Week
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每周分子： 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵
Molecule of the Week:
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)，有时也称为西曲溴铵，是一种具有表面活性和防腐性能的季铵盐。早在1936年，伦敦大学学院的G. S. Hartley，B. Collie和C. S. Samis就研究了水溶液中石蜡链盐的迁移数 。
1946年，R. S. Shelton和在William S. Merrell 公司(辛辛那提)的同事报道了由十六烷基溴化物和三甲胺合成CTAB的方法。他们在研究季铵盐作为“杀菌剂”的功效时制备了CTAB和其他几种化合物。
如今，CTAB除了用作局部防腐剂外，在医学上还可作为一种促进细胞凋亡的抗癌剂，以及在蛋白质电泳，DNA提取缓冲液系统和纳米颗粒合成中均得到应用。在本月的一份报告中，Jonathan Boltersdorf，Taylor J. Woehl和马里兰大学(帕克分校)，美国陆军研究实验室(马里兰州阿德菲)，General Technical Services(新泽西州沃尔镇)和美国海军水面作战中心(印第安纳州克兰)的合著者使用CTAB作为表面活性剂来研究银在金纳米棒上的光沉积。
CTAB信息速览
|
CAS 登记号 |
57-09-0 |
|
CAS SciFinder命名 |
1-Hexadecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-,bromide |
|
分子式 |
C 19 H 42 BrN |
|
摩尔质量 |
364.45 g/mol |
|
外观 |
白色晶体或者粉末 |
|
熔点 |
248–251 °C |
|
水溶性 |
36g/L |
CTAB危害信息
GHS分类：急性毒性，口服，分类4 |
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H302-吞食有害 |
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GHS分类：皮肤腐蚀/刺激，分类2 |
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H304-引起皮肤刺激 |
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GHS分类：严重眼损伤/眼刺激，分类1 |
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H318-造成严重眼睛损伤 |
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GHS分类：特定靶器官毒性，单次暴露，呼吸道刺激，分类3 |
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H318-可能引起呼吸道刺激 |
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GHS分类：特定靶器官毒性，反复暴露，口腔、胃肠道，分类2 |
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H373-吞咽可能会引起长期或反复接触对器官（胃肠道）造成损害 |
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GHS分类：短期(急性)水生危害，分类1 |
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H400-对水生生物有剧毒 |
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GHS分类：长期(慢性)水生危害，分类1 |
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H410-对水生生物具有长期毒性 |
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【 关于每周分子 】
自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的CAS SciFinder n 中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。 发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧 。
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sometimes called cetrimonium bromide, is a quaternary ammonium salt with surface-active and antiseptic properties. It was mentioned in the chemical literature as early as 1936, when G. S. Hartley, B. Collie, and C. S. Samis at University College London studied transport numbers of paraffin-chain salts in aqueous solutions.
In 1946, R. S. Shelton and co-workers at the William S. Merrell Company (Cincinnati) reported a synthesis of CTAB from cetyl (hexadecyl) bromide and trimethylamine. They prepared CTAB and several other compounds during a study of the efficacy of quaternary ammonium salts as what they termed “germicides”.
Today, in addition to its use as a topical antiseptic, CTAB has applications in medicine as an apoptosis-promoting anticancer agent, and in protein electrophoresis, DNA extraction buffer systems, and nanoparticle synthesis. In a report this month, Jonathan Boltersdorf, Taylor J. Woehl, and coauthors at the University of Maryland (College Park), the Army Research Laboratories (Adelphi, MD), General Technical Services (Wall Township, NJ), and the Naval Surface Warfare Center (Crane, IN) used CTAB as a surfactant in their examination of silver photodeposition onto gold nanorods.
CTAB fast facts
|
CAS Reg. No. |
57-09-0 |
|
SciFinder nomenclature |
1-Hexadecanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, bromide |
|
Empirical formula |
C 19 H 42 BrN |
|
Molar mass |
364.45 g/mol |
|
Appearance |
Whitecrystals or powder |
|
Boiling point |
248–251 °C |
|
Water solubility |
36g/L |
CTAB hazard information
Acute toxicity, oral, category 4 |
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H302-Harmful if swallowed |
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Skincorrosion/irritation, category 2 |
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H315-Causesskin irritation |
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Seriouseye damage/eye irritatio, category 1 |
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H318-Causesserious eye damage |
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Specifictarget organ toxicity, single exposure, respiratory tract irritation, category 3 |
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H335-May cause respiratory irritation |
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Specifictarget organ toxicity, repeated exposure, oral, gastrointestinal tract, category 2 |
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H373-Maycause damage to organs (gastrointestinal tract) through prolonged or repeatedexposure if swallowed |
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Short-term (acute) aquatic hazard, category 1 |
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H400-Very toxic to aquatic life |
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Long-term (chronic) aquatic hazard, category 1 |
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H410-Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lastingeffects |
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About Molecule of the Week
MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using CAS SciFinder n . Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org .
每周分子Molecule of the Week ：苯甲腈
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