中考阅读理解
题主要分为四大类：细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题和主旨大意题。根据考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧。
这类题目形式多样，最常见的有文章细
节、图表数据等。解题时一般采用“定位三步
走”策略：首先在题干中选定关键词（定位词）；
然后用定位词（1到2个）去文中寻找依据；最后
仔细阅读找到的信息句及上下句，对照选项，
选出正确答案。
这类题主要针对单词、短语或句子在文中
的意思进行考查，还会针对名词或代词的精确
指代来设题。
解题时，通过分析单词、短语或句
子所处的上下文来推测其意思，有时还需要结
合整段或全文内容去理解。
这类题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，
因此推理时务必要忠于原文，在文中寻找并确
定可推论的依据，即：
已知部分 —— 推论的前
提，从中推测出未知部分 —— 推理的结论。
切
勿把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
这类题包括：主要内容（main idea, mainly
about）型、文章标题（title）型、写作目的
（purpose）型等。
解题时，通过速读全文，找出文
章的主旨句（通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应），
把握文章中心思想。
如果没有主旨句，可以根
据文章的事实细节进行全面分析，归纳概括。
一般来说，隐含题目答案的位置与题目的
顺序是一致的。
这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，
提高做题效率。
中考真题例析
Ten-year-old Orion Jean has always known that kindness is important. He often practiced it by volunteering with his family. Last year, after entering the National Kindness Speech Competition, he became crazy about it. Now he works to spread kindness everywhere through projects that help others. He calls his campaign (活动) the Race to Kindness.
When a teacher told him about the competition, Orion had only 24 hours to write, memorize, and record his speech. In it, he talked about the importance of kindness. “Kindness is like spreading hugs around the world,” Orion said. He encouraged listeners to join him in doing small, kind acts for others.
Orion’s speech won the competition. He used his $500 prize to support his first Race to Kindness project, a toy drive for a local children’s hospital. He collected 619 toys. After that, Orion wanted to make an even bigger impact (影响). Working with others, he packed meal bags for people in need with a kind message in each bag. Orion also organized several events in his community. In all, he collected more than 100,000 meals!
Orion believes that everyone wins this race. He says, “If you’re kind to someone else, it can make their day brighter and inspire them to pass on kindness. And then it just grows and grows, and it can make the world a better place. ”
( )51. Why did Orion start his campaign?
B. To win the competition.
C. To take part in a race.
D. To volunteer with his family.
( )52. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
( )53. Which of the following has something to do with Orion’s campaign?
( )54. What did Orion do for his campaign?
A. Joined in a competition.
D. Collected over 100,000 meals.
( )55. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. One is never too old to learn.
C. Believing in yourself is the first step to success.
D. Roses given to others, sweet smell left in your hand.
短文大意：当动物的父母因为某些原因生病、死亡，或者失去抚养幼崽的能力时，大部分幼崽都难逃厄运。但是Remy为自己找到了养母Madu，并跟着Madu学习如何做一只猩猩。
31. A。考查动词短语辨析。look after照顾，照料；look at 看；look for 寻找；look like看起来像。前文提到在Remy出生前他妈妈就生病了，下文提到他需要一个养母来照顾自己，由此可知Remy的妈妈无法照顾他，故选A项。
32. D。考查名词辨析。此处的意思是养母把别人的孩子带到自己的家里并照顾一段时间，故选D项。
33. C。考查名词辨析。结合文意以及下文提到的“its parents”可知，此处是指一个孩子的父母，故选C项。
34. A。考查形容词辨析。句意为：在我们人类社会中，当一个孩子的父母因为某个或某些原因不幸死亡，或者病重无法照顾这个孩子的时候，这个孩子就不得不找个寄养家庭，尤其是当这个孩子是个婴儿或者在他很小的时候，故选A项。
35. B。考查名词辨析。根据下文内容可知，此处是说在自然界中的动物世界里。故选B项。
36. B。考查动词辨析。句意为：如果小动物的父母死亡或者失去照顾他们的能力，他们并没有那么幸运或容易找到一个养父或养母，故选B项。
37. D。考查形容词辨析。根据上文内容和下文中的“as unlucky as most of the unfortunate young”可知，这些幼崽中的大部分会有一个悲伤的结局，故选D项。
38. D。考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“But she had cared for two other orangutan babies that didn’t have moms”可知，Madu从未有过自己的孩子，故选D项。
39. B。考查动词辨析。refuse拒绝；meet见面；control控制；hurt伤害。句意为：Remy带着毯子和玩具去见Madu，故选B项。
40. A。考查连词辨析。句意为：Madu教了Remy什么能吃，她还教了他如何悬挂以及攀爬。此处前半句和后半句是并列关系，故选A项。
