定语从句是起定语作用的从句，为形容
词性从句，用来限制、描绘或说明主句中的
某个名词或代词，有时也说明整个主句或主
句中的一部分。
被定语从句修饰、指代的对
象叫做先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关
系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
引导定语
从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that,
which, as 等；
关系副词有when, where, why
等。
关系词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，
可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
如：
I can’t find the magazine
that/which
is
borrowed from the library. (主语)
The man
whom
you saw just now is my
English teacher. (宾语)
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可
缺少的定语。
通常情况下，限制性定语从句
和主句关系十分密切。
(1) that引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也
可以指物。
指人时，相当于who或whom；
指
物时，相当于which。
that在定语从句中作主
语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
如：
I am going to see a friend that/who has just
come back from Beijing.
This is the novel (that/which) Vincent
wrote for the competition.
(2) which用于指物，在定语从句中作主
语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
如：
The tall building which is by the lake looks
beautiful.
The film (which) they went to see last
night was not interesting at all.
(3) 一般用that而不用which的特殊情
况：
a.
先行词为all, any, much, little, something,
everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代
词时，如：
I refuse to accept the blame for something
that was someone else’s mistake.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
b.
先行词被only, very, no, some, few, little
等词修饰时，如：
Mike is the only person that was present at
that time.
c.
先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或
被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，如：
This is the most interesting film that I’ve
ever seen.
I can remember well the persons and some
pictures that I saw in the room.
e.
主句为who或which开头的特殊疑问句
或先行词是who，whom，which，what时，
如：
Which is the bike that you lost last weekend?
Who that had seen the sight could ever
forget?
f.
先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词
也在从句中作表语时，如：
Jiangsu is no longer the province that it
used to be.
Is this the house in which the old professor
was born?
What’s that which was put in the car?
Tom may be late, in which case we ought
to wait for him.
(1) who和whom用于指人，who用作主
语，whom用作宾语(常可省略)。
在口语中，
有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。
如：
The girl who often helps me with my
English is from England.
Professor Wang is the person (whom) you
talked about in the office.
(2) whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语
从句中作定语。
指人时相当于of whom, 指物
时相当于of which。
如：
Do you know the man whose name is
Anderson?
= Do you know the man the name of
whom is Anderson?
We live in a house whose windows face
south.
= We live in a house the windows of which
face south.
关系代词as 既可以指人也可以指物，在
定语从句中常作主语、宾语或表语，通常有
such，the same，as many，as much等修饰其
先行词。
如：
Such books as I have read are classical
works.
The teacher set such a difficult problem as
none of us could solve.
4. 当way表示方法、方式作先行词时, 后
面的定语从句可以用that或in which引导, 也可
以
省略关系词
。
如果定语从句中缺少宾语时，
要用that或which引导, 也可以省略关系词。
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he
speaks to his mother.
The way (that/which) we just talked about
was quite simple.
1. The boy
hair is golden is from the United States.
2. I want to find a person
can help me learn English.
3. This is the only road
leads to the top of the mountain.
4.The woman with
I went is my aunt.
5. Bob bought a book in the bookstore this morning. It is the same book
I borrowed from the library the day before yesterday.
