考试必备贴：关系副词引导的限制性定语从句

1. 在定语从句中，关系副词when、where、why起连接主从句的作用，同时在定语从句中作句子成分，分别充当时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，修饰表示时间、地点和原因的先行词。 如：

I still remember the day when I visited the professor. (the day是先行词，when是关系副词，在从句中作时间状语。)

This is the hospital where my sister used to work. (the hospital是先行词，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语。)

I don’t know the reason why he did it. (the reason是先行词，why是关系副词，在从句中作原因状语。)

2. 关系副词when引导定语从句

关系副词when在从句中作时间状语，先行词是表示时间的名词time、moment、day、month、season、year、period等。如：

His grandma lived at a time when there was not enough food to eat.

Autumn is the season when trees shed their leaves.

3. 关系副词where引导定语从句

关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，先行词是表示地点的名词place、house、city、country、world等。如：

I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. 

Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected. 

当先行词是表示抽象地点的名词(point, situation, stage, condition, case, position等)时，也常用关系副词where引导定语从句。如：

Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

John has reached a point where medicine can’t help.

4. 关系副词why引导定语从句 

关系副词why在从句中作原因状语，先行词是reason。如：

He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.

That is the reason why they were absent from class yesterday. 

注意：当先行词是reason，但从句缺少主语或宾语时，则要用that/which来引导定

语从句。如：

Would you please give me a reason which/that differs from Mike’s?

The reason (that/which) he explained at the meeting sounds reasonable. 

5. 关系副词when、where、why常常和 “介词+ which”结构交替使用。 如：

Youth is the time when/at which the seeds of character are grown. 

Is this the museum where/in which the exhibition was held? 

The reason why/for which he didn’t come to your wedding is that he was too busy.

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