英语中，简单句由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成，不包含任何从句。常见的句子结构有以下八种：一、主语+谓语 (SV)此句型中，谓语是不及物动词，后面不能接宾语。如：The train has already arrived. They came. 二、主语+系动词+表语 (SVP)此句型中，句子的谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质、特点或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。如：This is a Chinese-English dictionary. Her face turned red. 三、主语+谓语+宾语 (SVO)此句型中，谓语是及物动词，后面要接宾语才能使意思完整。如：We can’t afford to pay such a price. My son enjoys reading.四、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 (SVOO)英语中，有些动词可以有两个宾语，合称双宾语。如give, bring, show等。两个宾语中，通常指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。如：My friend gave me a pencil-box. You had better bring this dictionary to Smith. 五、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 (SVOC)此句型中的宾语+宾语补足语统称为复合宾语。如：He instructed me to come to school earlier. I saw him chatting with Tom. 六、主语+谓语+状语 (SVA)此句型中，谓语通常是不及物动词，状语由副词或介词短语等充当。如：My elder brother works hard. She swims like a fish.七、主语+谓语+宾语+状语 (SVOA)I can’t express myself in English. 八、存现句：引导词there 引导的句子。如:There is a bird in the tree.许多名词和代词常常用定语来修饰，动词常用状语来修饰。基本句型结构就好比是树的躯干，各类修饰语是树的枝叶，正是因为有这些修饰语，英语才变得丰富多彩。
即学即练
按要求转换基本句型，并注意保持句子意思基本不变。 1. Mr. Zhang is our physics teacher. (用SVOO) 2. The girl’s hair is yellow. (用SVO) 3. My elder sister is good at dancing. (用SVA) 4. She likes bananas best of all the fruit. (用SVP) 5. All of us think he is an honest man. (用SVOC)【参考答案】1. Mr. Zhang teaches us physics.2. The girl has yellow hair.3. My elder sister dances well.4. Bananas are her favorite fruit.5. All of us think him an honest man.
