Landscape architecture and environment improvement of coal enterprises

March 2007Journal of Northeast AgricvolL14No.153-58andscape architecture and environment improvement of coal enter-prisesGENG Meiyun, CHEN Yajun, GONG Shufang, and HU HaihuiCollege of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaAbstract The coal enterprises spoiled environment situation was analyzed in this paper The coal enterprises'environment condions must be improved under the trend of sustainable development and economic globalization. and it is important for using landscapearchitecture techniques to improve coal enterprises'environmental conditions. Four principles should be followed to improve the coalKey words: landscape architecture, coal enterprises' environment, improvementCLC number: S68: S601 Document code: A Article ID: 1006-8104(2007)-01-0053-06Now in order to meet the requirements of economicIntroductionThe coal enterprise occupies the major position in our landscape planning and its importance is that we hadindustrial and mining enterprises, which affects the en- ignored before, start to carry on the work of landscapevironment greatly. The coal takes the prominent posi- environment afforesting and perfecting positively totion in the structure of the energy resources of our cou- improve the environment of enterprises asntry, and quite a period of time from now on, the coal possiblestill owns 60%-70% more or less of total capacity ofresources consumption. But since the beginning of his- The Coal Enterprises Environmentaltory, the coal enterprise has been developing with the Situationsbad image of the coal dust, the odious work environ-ment, the jumbo noise pollution, etc Do the inestima- The present environmental conditionsble harm to the staff and workers and environment The natural ecosystem is most fairly weak, and thenearby. Along with the large team strategies of coal greenery patches proportion is smaller to the surroundenterprises and the extensively mining of coal, the en- ing environment of industrial and mining enterprises,vironment adverse problems of coal enterprise have the adjusting ability of ecosystem is fairly limited, so itbeen more and more obvious, and the pollution of the seriously influences the industrial and mining enterenvironment has also been more and more serious. prises places as well as the quality of city environment.How to change the environment of coal enterprise, The coal enterprise only attaches importance to the eco-ow to set the good image, and how to suit the requirenomic performance for a long time, neglecting the cirment of the development of modem society and the cumstances of society and environment, to such an execological sustainable developihich need to be tent as to the natural vegetation is invaded and occu-ettledpied largely, the resources are abused. The serious in-Received 8 July 2005中国煤化工GENG Meiyun(1972-), female, Ph D candidate, lecturer, engaged in the research of.TowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedE-mail:chenyajun622@163.comHCNMHGhttp∥puleau eau. cnJournal of Northeast Agricultural Universityvol.14No.12007creasingly environment pollution is directly threaten- etc Still the waste water contains different quantitiesng the ecology environment and it is also threatening of oil (according to China Mining Industry Universitythe development of enterprise, which makes the enter- Beijing Postgraduate Ministry to the measurement ofprises have to face"imbalance of ecology"and"crisis Xuzhou Mine Affair Bureau tailings water, the resultsof environment", and even to the extent that the enter- show the oil reaches 25 mg L-l, certain circumstancesises suffer frotan dard 3-9 times), thout large numbers of carbon coal grains in suspendingThe infuence of coal enterprise on the environ- form, its content can reach 2-3 g L that causes thementriver and lakes pollution, and further changed the pro-The influence of coal enterprise on the environment portion of fishes and invertebrate rapidly in the river. Itcan be divided into direct(being usually long-term)and also creates the serious pollution to vicinity vegetationindirect(being usually short-term), and it can be thoug. and soil.ht to be a kind of chain reaction. No matter being dire- AMD(Acid Waste Water that Mine Discharges)canct or indirect, its influence chiefly shows as followings. cause corruptions to many things such as metal, conWatecrete struc ture, water pump and water pipe, etc, andThe most protruding influence of coal enterprise on still can send out the smelly taste of H_ S in the riverthe environment is the water pollution. The typical silt. The test of mine shaft or pit water from a certaicharacteristic of waste water created during the course coal mine of Zhejiang proves that AMd question isof mining is highly heavy metal, such as titanium, fairly universal in our country, and a part of districts iscobalt, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, lead and zinc, much serious (Table 1)Table 1 AM discharged by one of mines in Zhejiang ProvinceDisplacement(mrd)pH valueNo I mineIrrigating the farmland, a little6No 5 mineAcidiStronger corrosivenessNo 6 mineIrrigating the farmlandNo 8 mineFarming fishNeutralityNo obvious influenceCausing water pump rust seriouslyand the fish shrimp diedXiaoxi mineYellow, austere tasteDongfengling mineStrong corrosiveness and no influentafter dealing with lime treatedThe waste water these places in coal mine still can Atmospheric environment pollutionmake the course of water worsen greatly, this conse- The pollution to the atmospheric environment of coalquence can create serious fingerling death and the wa- enterprise chiefly is coal dust, sulphur oxide, carbon co.ter jam except for the foul smell. Giving rise to cause mpound, nitrogen oxide, etc. The coal dust pollution chi-the toxic poisonous gas, which can make people and efly concentrates in mining area and mining area vicinanimals being poisoned, unfortunately drinking it over ity, al中国煤化工a long period of time, can even cause cancerCN M H Gery low degree. ItsE-mail:xuebaoenglish@neau.edu.cnGENG Mciyuni ct al. Landscape architecture and environment improvement of coal enterprisesmain harmness is to the coal staff and workers in the clear, and the quartz content increases in the coal dust,environment, and it can cause respiratory tract disease but the weight of the lung of the animal of inhalationand pneumoconiosis such as chronic bronchitis. Thecoal dust is also higher, with theofpreiousresult from a series of animal experiments can be made bone glue formation and the quick pathological chan-out(Fig. 1, Table 2), the coal dust influence to health is ges of lung ministry fiber, the danger increases, too30Diameter of coal dust(um)Fig 1 Mixed coal sample(c17.9%)Table 2 Impact of the content of coal dust on healthDust amount in tracheaContent of quartz in the coal dustBone collagen formed(mg)(mg)Coal(50)+Quartz (4Coal(50)+ Quartz(7.5)2.14Coal(50)+Quartz(20)Influence of coal enterprise on the earth surface drops, sleepless, bluntness and dizzy headache, etc.vegetation and the noise pollutionThe influence of coal enterprise on the earth surface Improving the Environmental Imagechiefly shows in the collecting area subsides and the of Coal Enterprise is one of the Mariver that is invading and occupying by the land with jor Project, and the Landscape Plansoil erosion(especially opencast mining)ning Is Put into PracticeThe influence on the vegetation chiefly is the coaldust, and waste gas or steam and vegetation that waste- There are two basic ways to solve the environmentwater withered dies or dry matter output decrease as questions of coal mine enterprise: one is the engineer-well as soil erosion and opencast mining destruction to ing: the other is biological prevention. The engineeringcontains eliminating the smoke and dust, reforming theIt still can make the brain press increasing, and the process flow, recovery utilization"three wastes"andblood vessel contracts, even cause hypertension and the中国煤化工 fuction course,,andheart disease. The noise pollution chiefly is the machine thCNMHestion of mine en-revolving that can cause the staff and workers hearing virously, It Is adequate only to de-Journal of Northeast Agricultural UnivVol 14 No. 1 2007pand on the engineering to administer, and it must be cludes assessing and planning of land environmentaldministered with the supplement of biological coecology resources, the landscapeof specitrol. The biological prevention is to utilize the man- big scale engineering construction, and planning in sce-made biological material to put the living things on nic spot and tour area; (2) Middle size landscape planthe important cross-domain of mine ecosystem to pu- ning design includes place planning; city design; sub-rify the environment, improve and protect the environ ject garden and city park design; (3)The microcosmiclandscapedesign includes street comer gar-Generally, trees, flowers and grasses are the mostden. streetgreenery patches, flower gardencleus part of the living component, and are the foun- courtyard, classics gardens and gardens landscapeda tion materials that made green by planting trees, artistic creations, and so on.flowers, etc. in worker mine. And plant the large num-One of the major part of improving environment ofbers of green plants, and give play to under the pre- the coal enterprises is the landscape planning practice,mise of ecology function, and carry on the land scape which involves the whole technology link of landscapeplanning design, and it is in progress that the plant design from macroscopic to microcosmic. The focalkes the view, and creates out the ecosystem and the points are in water and soil conservation, ecology re-gardens landscape to satisfied people's physiology and covering and protection in order to bring beneficialmentality needs according to the requirement of beau- social and economic benefit into full playtifying industrial and mining enterprises environments.In abroad, utilization and the landscape creation as-Therefore, if the environment question had appeared pects of landscape planning to the industrial and min-in the industrial and mining enterprises, the landscape ing enterprises environments and discarded industryenvironment would be made green by planting trees, place are gained the jumbo success, and get universallyflowers, etc. It is the important component of environ- approvement of whole society, especially in Europemental protection. The practice content of landscape and Japan. There are many successful examples takenplanning design (Landscape Architecture)is very ex- by us as the reference. For example, Japan makestensively. According to the definition of the United green by planting trees, flowers, etc in order to raiseStates landscape architect register examination com- the industrial mine afforesting, purify the atmospheremittee, the practice of the modern landscape planning improve and protect the beneficial result of environ-design inchudes such as consultation, investigation, sur- ment, and it passed On the Spot Law, and asks buildveying, special study, planning, design and various the worker mine making green by planting trees, flow.kinds of blueprint draws and builds construction and ers, etc. that the area should occupy more than 20%detailed drawing.Japan equally serves as 34. 2%)of total area of workerIts detail effects embody the following basic aspects. mine. In our country, the landscape environ ment in(I)Macroscopic environmental program. It includes worker mine is also gradually attached importance tothe protection with natural land general configuration and is developing quickly. At present, many places hadof the earth surface as well as the improvement in aes- appeared"flower garden factory",and even morethetics and the function to the land use is strengthened; districts positively engaged in worker mine to make(2)Place planning. Various kinds of environment is de- green by planting trees, flowers, etc. to construct, andtailed planned; (3) Various kinds of working drawing make the ecology environment to be improved step byand text are made; (4)Constructs coordinates manag- step the enterprise image is constantly raised. But it isDractice of this aspect that we can seeNamely, it includes contents of three administrative lands中国煤化工t fully concern oflevels.(1)Macroscopic landscape planning design in- vast plCNMHGGENG Meiyuni et al. Landscape architecture and environment improvement of coal enterprisesmade green by planting trees, flowers, etc, and the dif-The Four Principles in the Environ- ferent landscape creations when plans in the factorynent Improvement of Coal Enter- area, thus formed the whole image of enterprisepriseThe concrete ways were that the factory peripherywas planted the ecology forest belt; the wind directionThe region principlewas planted with the arbor piece forest in the factoryIn order to keep balance of fragile ecosystem of the area; trees with graceful shape planted at two sides ofmining area, we must think over and plan in the region the road; vacant lot in factory area was covered thescope of mining area and plan, and strengthen the sta- lawn and flower bushes and perennial plant.bility of mining area ecosystem, in order to be of ad- The afforesting rate in factory area was up to 34.7%vantage to organic region ecology environment forma- In order to improve the landscape quality, spread thetion. Taking a coal mine in Shanxi Pingshou Anjialing old building with the suitable color, make it newly toas example, the open air coal mine in mountain rarcoordinate with new building and forming the succinctis the super large-scale opencast coal mine of our coun- and lucid and lively modern gardens enterprise envi-try, and the area in region is extremely wide. when ronmentplanned and designed for the environment of coal factory, we combined the exploited characteristics and the function principlecomplicated topography of open coal mine, and grew Landscape planning is not only asked to improve thplants that could well protect soil and had strong appli- environment and to reduce the pollution, and then encability in order to stable the ecology, conserve water sure safety, production and transportation unimpededand soil, and recover the plant in the periphery region with the various pipes and power lines, but also fit theand soil field of big area, for example, the local fruit function requirement of ecology greenery patches, andtree not only made afforesting, but also gave consider- meet factory image requirement and artistic spects ofation to agriculture production. It formed the ecology environmentplant community in the region that could serve as thesolid foundation of the regional ecosystem, and al so The artistry principleformed the ecology and landscape background of the From the visual sense image of human being, accord-whole regioning to the aesthetics law, substance scenery in utiliza-tion space is created out environment that makes usThe principle of landscape architecture points co-he scenery enjoying to both the eye and the mindmbining with total environmentthus to raise the whole image of enterpriseEnterprise landscape must be in the big progress of re-gional ecology environment, make the various land- Concluding Remarksscapes design well combination with regional ecologyorganic environment, avoide only attaching importan- The afforesting landscape environment of factory mince to administration office region landscape and ignorerea is the important component in the modem in-the way even to the extent that disregards the periphery dustry civilization. It acts positive effect on preventingenvironment. Selects coal factory in Majiliang coal the pollution, improving the ecology environment andmine in Datong, which is the new high efficiency as staff and workers healthy, raising work efficiency andsembly type invested by the nation coal imports and the中国煤化 rprise imagexports head offices. Author systematically thought Coaluld make“over that the landscape environment of this region was gardetCNMHGtp: /l publish neau. eduJoumal of Northeast Agricultural UniversityVol.14No.12007dustrial mine as the developed country and to achieve 2 Wu kG Coal mine pneumoconiosis is to influence Beijing of lungthis objective, we, design specialist at landscape planfunction[M]. Beijing: The Coal Industry Publishing, 1984ning, should put into practice hard, study and solve 3 Bai Z k, Zhao JD, Duan Y H, et al. Compile the worker miningvarious problems, and make contributionsarea land and cultivate again and rebuilds [M]. Beijing: China Agri-alture Science and Technology Publishing, 2000I Su L. Ai Erkeman industry ecology [M]. Beijing: The Economicmining enterprises gardens greenery patches design [M. Bei jing:Daily Paper Publishing, 1999.China Forestry Publishing, 200中国煤化工CNMHGE-mail:xuebaoenglish@neau.edu.cn