The Analysis of The Summary of Shakespeare' s Sonnets

t百家争鸣论坛The Analysis of The Summary ofShakespeare’s Sonnets◆许睿西安文理学院外国语言文学系(陕西 西安710065)[Abstract ]Shakespeare' s sonnets are famous of its contentthe authority that the world should get, for inheriting yourand spirit, the purpose of this essay is just to help us .beauty is the world' s (human' s) authority! .know the theme, the organizat ion and the characters of theIn sonnet 2, the poet says to his beloved friend,“ifsonnets. .you could see your youth from your child when you are aged,[Key words] Shakespeare; sonnet; love; friendshipyou would feel that you are young again."' forty winters'(line I) refers to forty years old, in fact it is not veryI, the main theme of the sonnetsold, yet to the very young man this age worth vigilance well.The main theme of Shakespeare' s sonnets love andThe poet used' deep-sunken eyes' in line 7，because hefriendship. This focus pierce through the sonnets from thefriend was old at that time.beginning to the end. From his dealing with love and theSonnet 4 shares the same theme with the former ones.relation between love and friendship. lie thought thatThe poet used metaphor here. Many 1awful nouns are used herefriendship is as variable as love, even more valuable thanto explain the uneconomic of cel ibacy. Sonnet 5 repeats thelove.same theme. Its focus is the idea that is time isII. the organization of the sonnetsun-repeatedly and its strength whi ch can destroy everything.Every sonnet of the 154 sonnets exists independently.Time，just gives beauty to the beautiful thing once，thenEach sonnet is not a part of an organic whole with naturalthe time destroy it conversely. After the summer thatconnection. They are not narrative poems but lyrics, evensymbols the youth, comes the winter that symbols the senile.not the novel or the opera which has cont inuous affairs orSonnet 8 uses music to compare. He sugests his friend to1ogical plots, also they have not any complete story. Bumarry, he thinks that the family life after marriage shouldthey are not seemed to be a collection of some completelybe as harmonious as music. The charm of music cannot beisolated separate poems which have nothing to do with eachachieved by one string.other. By circling one or more kernel, they accomplish oneIn sonnet 9, He worries about that the sobbing of histheme together, and develop and express emotions about it.widow would destroy the harmonious after his death. But lieThough without a coherent story， all the sonnets arethink that celibacy is a larger loss to the world. Inconnected to form a whole by an ascertainable clue whichsonnet10, The poet dose not admit that his beloved friendappears now and then. This clue is not straight, it islove others,' Seeking that beautcous roof to ruin ate" meanscircui tous, crooked, flickering, even it is reversed frontthe young man seeks to destroy his beloved bodyand back or inverted. This clue mainly is the change and(conventionally the house of the soul) by refusing tothe development of friendship and love.increase.1II. the main characters in the sonnetsA traditional explanation was formed since Malone' sson is grown-up, so that father' s virtue can be remained.time，that is dividing the 154 sonnets into 2 partsIt contents wisdom. Otherwise， stupidity makes peopleaccording to different characters, i. e. the first hundreddecayed. In sonnet 13， the poet uses' love' again. Irand twenty-sixth poems in Shakespeare' s book are apparentlyEnglish,' love' can be used to call a very closed maleaddressed to a beautiful young man. The rest from sonnetfriend.127 are addressed to a lady with browm eyes and skin whom“But were some child of yours alive that tune. Youwas called "Dark Lady" by critics.should live twice, in it and in my rhyme.”These are theIV. the analysis of sonnet 1 to sonnet 17last two lines of sonnet 17. Though the poem is eternal,In sonnetl, the poet says to his beloved fri end,it can express his ' heavenly touches' beauty entirely. The" Beautiful things would die when they are old, the beautymost perfect method is he marries and breeds children whilemust be inherited by descendants. It is just equals tothe poet wri tes rhyme.engage to your own beauty (here bright eyes" refers to yourFrom the above, we can see cl early that sonnet1-17 shareown beauty) while you refuse to marry or have you chi ldrenthe same theme, which is the poet suggests his belovedinherit your beauty. This, on one hand remains your beauty,friend to marry and breed children.yet on other hand just like to antagonize yourself. Because中国煤化工wekor that beaseyou refuse to compare with others, your beauty cannot bethmotion,the implicitspeeded to posterity. You are a niggard in name， yet aco:IYHC N M H Gs the modern people verywastrel in fact, please have consideration for the world,much.and marry，thus, your beauty can be speeded to the worldReferences:by your descendant. Otherwise, your action just destroys[1]John Kerriger. The Sonnets and a (下转第40页)41鹏百家争鸡论坛英语作品中双关语的翻译◆夏楠河南省新乡学院(河南 新乡453003)[摘要] 双关语是英语作品中一种较为常见的修辞手段，可以“Sun, son” 和“air, heir" 形成两组谐音双关。在翻译产生幽默，诙谐，讽刺的语言效果，使语言变得更加的生动，活中，译者充分传达了原文的意思，虽然修辞形式无法再现，但如泼。所以这种修辞方式大量的出现在英美文学作品中。因为双关依照奈达“翻译即译意”的观点来看，依然可以说它做到了“可语一-语双关，含有隐含意思的特点，想要准确的翻译出作者的原译"。意和句式效果是不容易的.本文旨在从双关语的理解来探讨对其Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live的翻译方法。wi thout craft. 趁年轻时学-点手艺，以便在年老时可不靠行骗[关键词]双关语;英美文学;翻译为生。此句是语义双关，“craft" 一词出现两次。第一个表示“手双关语为各国语言中共有的修辞格。英语双关语pun, 也叫艺"，第二个意思是“骗术"。paronomasia或play on words ，它巧妙地利用词的诰音、词的3.分译多义或歧义等,使语言表达出含蓄曲折、风趣幽默,引起读者的联分译是指将英语双关的一- 明-暗两层意思同时表达出来。想。对于双关语的恰当运用,能够使语言生动有趣。或借题发挥，Trust us. 0ver 5000 ears of experience.旁敲侧击,或指桑骂槐,冷嘲热讽,收到由此及彼,由表及里的效相信我们吧。历经5000多只耳朵的检验，有着5000多年果。因此,我们发现在英美文学作品中含有大量的双关语。狄更的经验。斯、王尔德、萧伯纳以及马克●吐温等都是运用双关语的行家。这是一则助听器推销广告。从字面看，它说明了该产品已经英国文坛泰斗莎士比亚更是喜好和擅用双关语的大师。受了众多消费者的考验，但字里行间巧妙地嵌入了一-对谐音字鉴于双关语在英美作品中大量的使用，对双关语的准确翻译ears - years. 译文揭示了原意一 产品历史悠久，质量久经就是译者的必须学习的一项能力。由于双关这种修辞是有意借用考验。-个词语或句子同时关涉两个事物，包含两种意思,表面- -层意4.加注法思,实际上隐含另外-层意思并且以隐含意思为主,以达到言在加注法就是先译出双关语的-层意思，再辅以夹注或脚注来此而意在彼,制造出幽默、影射、传达复杂思想等效果。所以要补全信息，揭示双关的深层含义。在翻译中反映这些效果,就必须将原文的双关修辞准确地再现在一一The professor rapped on his desk and译文中。但是,我们在实践中发现，双关语的翻译仍然是个具有shouted,‘ Gentlemen, order!"争议性的话题-The entire class yelled“: Beer'很多学着和翻译工作者都认为:由于双关语的修辞特点,双-教授敲着桌子,喊道“:小伙子们,要喝(吆喝>什么?”关语是往往是无法译的。笔者认为,在面对类似于“难译”现象，一全班齐声叫到“:啤酒!"译者应努力变“难译”为“可译”。经过笔者对大量译例的分析这段对话的有趣之处在于order的一词多义。它可以指“遵和归纳，觉得以下几种方法能使看似“不可译”的双关语变得“可守秩序”或是“点菜"。教授告诉大家要遵守秩序，安静下来，学生心知肚明，但是故意曲解他的意思。在译入语中加上教授本1.直译意的解释性注释，读者一目了然。翻译之后仍保留原文双关之意，这是最理想的一-种译法。结论It' sa long, long way to Siberia and a long, long wait双关语通常被认为是不可译的,但上述五种方法能较好地传at Moscow Airport.达原文意思或双关效果。当然，在很多情况下采取了变通手法，去西伯利亚的路，千里迢迢:在莫斯科机场候机,遇過无期。即当译文难以直接传达原文在音、形、义、修辞等方面的特质时，原句中,way和wait是谐音双关.Long, long way和long,充分发挥译入语的优势，能变则变，能换则换，从而传达原文的longwait 分别用“迢迢”，“遥遥”叠字，再现原文双关语所负谐趣和语言功能。由此可见，不可译是变化的和动态的，只要译载的词义。者能不懈努力，不可译也能转化为可译。2.意译参考文献:这种译法虽舍弃了原文的双关修辞手法，但完整保留了原句[1]陈望道.修辞学发凡。上海: 上海教育出版社, 1979.信息[2]李国南，双关语翻译初探.现代外语, 1979, 39 (4): 60More sun and air for your son and heir.这里充足的阳光，清新的空气，- -切为了您的子孙后代。(上接第41页)Lover' s complaint [M]. England: Viking PenguinMifflin CompanyInca 19862.[3] 屠岸.莎士比亚十四行诗集[M][2]The Riverside Shakespeare[M]. Bos ton: Houghton中国煤化工TYHCNMHG钟)>40