Research on the Occurrence of Titanium in Coal-Measure Kaoline in Songyi, Hubei

Journal of China University of Geosciences, Vol. 15, No 4, p 361-364, December 2004ISSN1002-0705Printed in ChinResearch on the occurrence of titanium inCoal-Measure Kaoline in Songyi, HubeiRan Songlin Shen Shangyue Cheng XianzhongCollege of Material Science and Chemical engineeringChina university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaABSTRACT: Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and an electron-probe microanalyser(EPMAthis research found that the main independent mineral of titanium (Ti) in the kaoline of Songyi is an-atase. The granularity of anatase is from 0. 5 um to 1.5 um, and some exceed 10 um. This researchprovides important scientific evidence for the exploitation of the coal-measure kaoline in the SouthKEY WORDS: Songyi, coal-measure kaoline. titaniumNTRODUCTIONmeters( Zhang et al., 1998 ). The results of xrDCoal-measure kaoline is distributed in large and optical microscope analysis of kaoline in diffemounts in many areas throughout China. It can be ent diggings show that the main mineral in the kaoeasily exploited and has been applied in many differ- line is kaolinite (95 %) the subordinate mineralsent industrial fields. Titanium is a deleterious ele- are illite and sericite, and the minor minerals arement in kaoline. Many researches about the occur- quartz, zircon and limonite. The proportion ofrence of titanium in coal-measure kaoline have been bonaceous substances is about 1But these researches are focusedTable 1 shows the chemical composition of thequality coal-measure kaoline in the North China. kaoline in Songyi. The content of Ti in the kaolineFor example, Yang et al.(1997) confirmed that the is higher than that of some diggings in the northmain occurrence of Ti in Dongsheng is anatase such as Dongsheng Nei Monggol ), Datongthrough the analysis of AEM and the Mossbauer (Shanxi), Shandan(Gansu) and Datong ( Qinghai)spectrum. As to coal-measure kaoline in the soutth,(Li et al., 2001). The average content is up to 1.61Xiao(1997) studied mining in Guizhou and observed % High content Ti will affect the application ofthat the main occurrence of Ti was anatase and ru- kaoline in the field of electrical ceramics, high-volt-tile, but was unable to provide evidence. This re- age ceramics, etesearch ascertains the main independent mineral of tiin the kaoline of Songyi, Hubei Province, through EXPERIMENT AND DISCUSSIONXRD and EPMA analysesPreIn order to ascertain the occurrence of ti in theQUALITY OF COAL-MEASURE KAOLINE INcoal-measure kaoline in Songyi, NSl was selectedSONGYI. HUBEIe coal-measure kaoline ingy is in the as a sample with a high content of Ti. 240 g of NS-underlayer of the Permian coal measure. Its thick- was mixed with water in order to obtain a dilutedness varies from several tens centimeters to several ore中国煤化工 sPhate was addedCNMH GgorousIy for I h. AfThis paper is supported by the National Mineral Reconnaissance Pro- ter aging for 2 min, the upper light slurry was sepagram and Subject Group of Earth Material Science in"211 Engineering".rated. The heavy slurry in the bottom was dilutedManuscript received January 18, 2004and stirred again, and the upper light slurry wasManuscript accepted March 5,2004separated again. The whole process was repeated 2Ran Songlin, Shen Shitimes. At the end, all the separated light slurry was spectively. Because most of the independent minerput together and dried. The weight of the dried als of Ti (such as rutilenite, anatase, euminerS1-1) was 235.9 g and the weight of the lite, etc.) are weightier than kaolinite, the indemineral dried from the heavy slurry was 4.1 g. Af- pendent mineral of Ti will aggregate in NS-1-2 andter electromagnetic separation, the mineral was 1.5 NS-1-3 after gravity separation and electromagneticg in the electromagnetic part and 2. 6 g in the non-e- separation. The granularity of the latter is biggerlectromagnetic part, named NS-1-2, NS-1-3, re- than that of the formerTable 1 Chemical composition of the kaoline in SongyiNo. SiO Al, O Fe, O Feo MgO Cao Na,O K,O TiO. P2 O: SO: lostDJ-145.0138.98<0.010.220.160.130.080.061.390.010.0113.87DJ-243.1138.241.560.060.360.250.170.520.030.0713.93ND143.0738.880.970.090.350.190.13490.040.0514.14NS143.9038.040.830.070.370.280.140.5710,050.0713.67BZ-141.0938.110.770.070.420.700.090.571.590.050.3415.77BZ244.7336.772.000.130.490.30.18NG141.2437.36320.380.170.230.060.7517.13NG-350.3345.910.560.080.330.330.070.271.600.090.01NG550.2045.820.660.10,360.30,100.271.650.040.010.740.10.780.12XRD AnalysisIn order to ascertain their main components andtheir impurities, the three samples (NS-1-1, NSo kaolinite2. NS-1-3) were analyzed by XRD Rigaku DMAX-3B). Figure I shows the XRD patterns of thethreeFrom the spectrum of Fig. la, only kaolinite isfound. The characteristic d values of kaolinite areonm7.1841,3.5758,2.3359,2.2980 angstrom.TheD kaolinitespectrum of Fig. Ib shows the characteristic d values of kaolinite and anatase. The characteristic d学8:values of kaolinite are.1958.3.5786.2.3382.2. 2947 angstrom; the characteristic d values of anatase are 3. 525 6, 2. 3847,2. 338 2 angstrom.From the spectrum of Fig Ic, kaolinite and anatasecan also be discerned. The characteristic d values ofkaolinite are7.1958.3.5843,2.3476,2.2980angstrom; the characteristic d values of anatase are3.5284,2.3823,1.8968,1.6611 angstrom.re are fewdifferences between the XRD patternsof NS-1-2 and those of Ns 1-3 except that the intesity of anatase's spectrum in the former is less than26/()hat中国煤化工CNMHGFigure 1. XRD images of NS-1-1(a); NS-1-2(b)NS-1-3(c)EPMA AnalysisThe independent mineral of Ti has been foundwhen the above three samples were analyzed by thesurface scanning of Ti in EPMA (JCXA-733). TheResearch on the Occurrence of Titanium in Coal-Measure Kaoline in Songyi, Hubei363granularity of the mineral is from 0. 5 um to 1.5 um( Figs. 2-3), although some exceed 10 um( Fig. ResultIn order to confirm the existence of the inde- a conclusion can be drawn that the main independentpical grlectedI of ti in thfrom each of the three samples using a microscope. Tas anataseble 2 shows the quantitgrains, which confirms that the main element in them isTiTable 2 Result of quantitative analysis of the three grainsTiograin from NS-1-10.0099.930.00.070.000.000.00.00grain from NS-1-20,0099.710,000.290.000,00100,00grain from N$-1-399.460.000.00100.00Figure 2.(a) Backscatter image of NS-1-l(3 000X);(b)element mapping of Ti in NS-1-l(3 000X)张Figure 3. (a) Backscatter image of NS-1-2(3 000X);(b) element mapping of Ti in NS-1-2(3 000X)中国煤化工CNMHFigure 4.(a) Backscatter image of NS-1-3(1 000X);(b) element mapping of Ti in NS-1-3(1 000X)364Ran songlin, Shen Shangyue and Cheng XianzhongCONCLUSIONREFERENCES CITED(1) XRD and EPMA analysis is an effective Li,K. Q, Liu, Q. P, Xu, H. L, 2001. Technology ofway to find out the occurrence of ti in kaolinProcess of Coal-Measure Kaoline, China Constructioncharacteristic X-ray spectrum, the character of sur-nium in Kaoline of Guizhou. Guizhou Geology, 14(3)face scanning of Ti and chemical components235-243(in Chinese)(2) This research confirms that the main inde- Yang, X.J. Liu,Q. F, Cheng, K. H, 1997. A Studypendent mineral of Ti in the coal-measure kaoline ofon Occurrence of iron and titanium in Kaoline of donis anatase. The granularity of anatase issheng by AEM. Construction Material Geology, 4: 26from 0. 5 um to 1. 5 um, some exceed 10 um. The29(in Chinese with English Abstract)research provides an important scientific evidence Zhang, D, Li, Z,Shen, S.Y., 1998. Research on thefor the exploitation of the coal-measure kaoline in Roasting Whitening of Coal- Measure Kaoline in SongyiSongyiNonr Metallic Mines, 21( Suppl. ) 73-74(in ChineseSubscriptionorJournal of China University of GeosciencesameCopies: from Volyear)to volAddress the Journal should be sent toE-mailTel中国煤化工CNMHG