Nonlinear constitutive law for ferroelectric/ ferroelastic material and its finite element realizati

The hysteresis phenomena of ferroelectric/ferroelastic material in polarization procedure are investigated.Some assumptions are presented based on the published experimental data.The electrical yielding criterion,mechanical yielding criterion and isotropic hardening model are established.The flow theory in incremental forms in polarization procedure is presented.The nonlinear constitutive law for electrical-mechanical coupling is proposed phenomenologically.Finally,the nonlinear constitutive law expressed in a form of matrices and vectors,which is immediately associated with finite element analysis,is formulated.In the example problem of a rectangular specimen subjected to a uniaxial electric field,the procedure from virgin state to fully polarized state is simulated.Afterward,a uniaxial compressive loading is applied to depolarizing the specimen.Results are in agreement with the experimental data.