Brief Analysis of the Differences in Chinese and Western Kinesics

教研争鸣Brief Analysis of the Differences in Chinese andWestern Kinesics450002河南农业大学外国语学院 河南郑州郑波Abstract: Kinesics plays an important six. But Americans will use one hand plus one inferiors to laugh first. In the USA, what peoplerole in communicating. Some are universal in finger of the other hand to symbolize it. Under this can’ t tolerate is being intruded into their privatethe world; some are peculiar to the specific situation, Chinese and Americans are far more space. Even between parents and children,cultures. Understanding the differences of likely to cause communicative barriers.intrusion is impolite and improper. Before enteringkinesics in diferent cultures can better eliminateAlso, unique kinesics to one culture can children ’s room, parents should knock themisunderstanding.also result in communication gap in interculturaldoor. So the behavior of almost zero body contactKey words: kinesics; understanding;different culturestourist puts his or her thumb up by the road in2. Linearity vs. SpiralityChina, no car will stop. If a Chinese pinches theGenerally speaking, the mode of thinkingKinesics includes facial expressions, thumb on the lite finger, a ltte part of which is of Chinese is spirality. Part of the reason is thatgestures, postures and eye contact,etc. Kinesics is left out, his or her American partner may take it as China has been under the impact of Confucianism,an important form of non -verbal communication. nothing.Taoism and Buddhism for a long time. These threeUsing Kinesics wrongly can lead to failure in，Cultural Analysis of the thoughts emphasize the power of understanding,interpersonal communication, or even conflicts in Differences in Chinese and Western which lead to that Chinese are implieit andinternational communication.Kinesicsemphasize euphemism. At the same time, the1. Communicat ive Prob lems CausedMost kinesics is formed during the process behavior and mode of thinking of W esternersby the Differences in Chinese and of growing u and can be transferred from one are greatly under the impact of Aristotle logicgeneration to another. At the samne time, diferent and rational thinking. So in contrast, the mode1. Misunderstandingnations have different histories, religious beliefs, of thinking of Americans is linearity, whichSome kinesics in different cultures may values and modes of thinking. The diferences in means that Americans like to show and exposese and Western kinesimeanings. For example, in terms of interpersonal different cultural backgrounds.the habit of guessing what others are thinking,space, in China, being close in distance means1. Collectivism vs. Individualismw esterners prefer to be frank and speak what theybeing intimate in relation; in the west, appropriateTo Chinese, cllctivimn is more important are thinking directly.distance means respect.than individualism. At any time, the individualIn China, during a talk, even if one .Especially when comparing Chinese and should obey the collective. When the personal communicator dislikes the topic, he will notWestern gestures, it is easy to find that there interest contradicts with the cllective interest, appear to be bored. Instead, he will pretend tomany same gesticulations that have diferentthe individual should give up or sacrifice hisinterested in the topie. Also this is themeanings in W esterm and Chinese cultures. If an interest to protect the interest of the group. In the reason why Chinese and Americans have differentAmerican keeps his fingers erossed before his hierarchy of priority, the group is always prior to opinions towards one action. For example, thechest, Chinese usually take it as the number ten the individual. However, in W estern culture, the action of rotating one’s fingers in China meansrather than the symbol of praying. If a Chinese conception relatedto“T” (self) is grained and showing off, but in America, it means beingrotates his ring to show off his wealth before hisomnipresent. There are many terms, such as self- nervous.American communicator, he may be understood absorption, self-admiration, self- -cultivation and3. Modesty vs. franknessas being nervous while talking. If an American self- -image, ete, whose meanings are slf-centeredThe values of W esterners and Chinese areuses his hand to draw circle around his temple，in English. This is especially true with Americans totallyChinese understand it as the meaning of thinking who emphasize individualism. In their opinion, pay much attention to modesty and harmonyhard instead of the meaning of looking down. everyone is a unique individual, they should have of interpersonal relations and dislike head-onIfa graceful woman in China leaves her lttle individual feedom and personal interest.collision. W hen talking. Chinese like to circlefinger aside when handing a cup to her AmericanIn traditional culture, Chinese hold thearound the core meaning, which leaves Americansguest, the guest thinks that the woman is afraid of attitude of oppressing personal desire and being a deep impression that they don’t know whatmaking her hand dirty. If an American is invited tolerant towards others ’mistake. Confucius Chinese are talking about. In contrast, Americansto a Chinese family, after the meal, the American taught people to be tolerant and broad- -minded. always give the priority tomay have the habit of crossing and moving the A saying goes that to carry forward the heaven’s They will speak what they are thinking in theirhand near the neck to express the meaning“Iam justice and to wipe out the personal desire. mind to reach their goals. Accordingly, Chinesefull”" . However, this gesture in China means to In other words, using the manners of the sage dislike frankness of W esterners and regard thiskill oneself.constraints the personal desire. However, in the frankness as being impolite. Because the value2. Communication gapwest, under the influence of Christianity, people is the core of the culture and is a decisive powerBecause of different cultural backgrounds,pay more attention to personal feeling and need.of the action, this difference has great influencesometimes a certain meaningiChinese are tolerantby different kinesics, which may cause being pushed by other people. For examp中国煤化Istemers is diret andcommunication gap. In expressing numbers with the bus, people stand closely to other passermuch talk means morefingers, Chinese tend to use the fingers of one On a crowed bus, you may even feel the b:MYHC N M H Gre catious abou theirhand. For example, Chinese usually reach out of others. When meeting something funny, if behaviors and words. These diferences in valuesthe thumb and the lttle finger to indicate number the leader doesn’↑ smile, it is impolite for the lead to differences in gestures. As discussed都市家教146教研争鸣before, Chinese gestures are moderate while W estern gestures are exaggerating.1课题计划研究步骤及实施时间安排Chinese always think highly of being modest. When others praise you, you should高一至高三三个年级的每节体育课安排五至十分钟not appear to be very happy, even if you feel joyful in your inner heart. Otherwise, you will的课课练的内容。be regarded as being too proud. Chinese have the habit of saying“I am not doing well2研究对象与方法enough.”and pretend to be cealm. In contrast, in America, people will be frank enough2.1 研究对象:全体在校学生to express what they are feeling both in words and kinesics. Under this same situation, an2.2 研究方法:文献资料法、授课指导法，比赛促American will smile and say“thank you!"4. Vanity vs. honesty2.3课题所要解决的问题Since ancient times, Chinese people have been paying special attention to their课课练是增强学生体质，活跃课堂氛围的主要手段faces. Especially during more than two thousand years’feudal period, face can not之一，但是在现实的教学中多运用“快乐体育”、“成be offended. Face is an important principle to adjust and control social behavior. Face功体育”淡化了技能教学和轻视体能训练，是学生的体behavior is an instrumental behavior to maintain the harmony of social relationship and质没有得到保障而下降，为了使体育课课练在体育教学stability. Chinese have atached too much importance to their faces. Sometimes, in order to中发挥更好的作用，我们提出在体育课中进行课课练拓save their face, they would do something against their will. This over- stress on faces can展与实践进行开发与运用的研究。easily lead to vanity. For example, in order to save face, Chinese will not easily reject the3课题研究所要达到的目标request of others. Even if he can not meet the request temporarily, he will also take some提高体育课的效率，切实做好体compensatory action.育课工作成效，真正达到培养学生的When you ask a Chinese for help, he is usually reluctant tosay " no”even if he运动能力，增强学生的体质，是每一体could do nothing to help for fear of losing face. But in America, people would honestly say个体育教师的责任，我们要不断地学“sorry, I can not help you”under the same cireumstance.习，不断地创新，不断地总结。研究育However, it doesn’t mean that Americans don' t care about their faces. Compared课课练增强学生体质的实效性，使学with Americans, Chinese are much cared about this.生能在体育课中更好的学习和锻炼，课5. Long power distance vs. short power distance使学生的体质不断得到增强，让课课Power distance is a dimension that distinguishes one culture from another. Power练内容的拓展与实践成为体育课这一distance is the range of how the power that is socially recognized and accepted is舞台的亮点。distributed among the organizations unevenly. Different nations hold different atiudes4本课题实践的重要意义练towards the importance of power, the power distance. Americans don’t pay much atention本课题实践的重要意义在于以下to power and emphasize individual ability. However, because of the influence of more than几个方面:内two thousand years ’feudal system, Chinese prefer power and its great influence. So4.1 体育课课练其本身的功能就有America belongs to the nation of short power distance, while China belongs to the nation of竞争性、趣味性、健身性和教育性等，long power distance. People in the nation of long power distance reckon that power is a fact特别是健身性方面，只要我们有目的的beyond the good and evil and has no relationship with legitimacy. The person who has the有计划而循序渐进的开展课课练，那市power has privilege and has priority over the inferiors. The conception of power distance么就会把健身以及增强体质体现得淋第afects interpersonal distance in communication.拓漓尽致。4.2中学生都具有活泼、好动、好distance is long. Also there are strict regulations about body movement. For example, the胜和积极.上进的心理特征。如果体育展monarch sits while his courtiers stand. Father sits while his son stands. The leader sits教师在教学活动中，能启发调动他们while his employees stand. While in America, interpersonal distance is short. Namely,学习锻炼的积极性，根据每次教学活俊与China belongs to the nation of high body contact; America is in the queue of low body动的内容，课的后半部分利用8-10contact.分钟左右的时间，把学生分成若干兴实I1. Conc lusion趣小组,进行部分项目(如短跑、长跑、践After the analysis of the dfferencee of Chinese and w estern kinesics, it can be .投掷、跳跃、球类等)的练习,一方concluded that kinesics of different cultural backgrounds ereate different interpretations.面保证身体索质的练习效果，另- -方Difficulties arise if the receivers are unaware of the type of kinesics messages the senders面可以帮助学生养成终身体育锻炼的are encoding It is aimed that such comparison of kinesics can provide readers with习惯。awareness of such differences and proper interpretations of some Chinese & W estern4.3学生在集体的配合下，共同前施kinesics so as to ensure smooth intercultural communications. Only when we have a clear进，共同完成课课练，能激励学生的understanding of the similarities and differences on kinesics, we can use kinesics to make学习兴趣。这样，先提高学生的学习方an eficient communication and avoid misunderstanding.兴趣，再增强他们的好胜心理，最后案Bibliography:[1] R. A. Hudson， Sociolinguistics [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language再进行练习，使学生能主动进行练习,不觉得累和讨厌。Teaching and Research Publishers, 20004.4体育课课练如果采用与游戏结[2] E.T. Hal1. 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