通报批评！该杰出学者伪造51个图片，被撤回7篇文章

• Dopamine protects cerebral autoregulation and prevents hippocampal necrosis after traumatic brain injury via block of ERK MAP in juvenile pigs.  Brain Res . 2017 Sep 1;1670:118-24. Epub 2017 Jun 15. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.06.010 (hereafter referred to as “ Brain Res.  2017”).
• Sex and Age Differences in Epinephrine Mechanisms and Outcomes after Brain Injury.  J Neurotrauma  2017 Apr 15;34(8):1666-75. Epub 2017 Jan 13. doi: 10.1089/neu.2016/4770 (hereafter referred to as “ J Neurotrauma  2017”). Retraction in:  J Neurotrauma  2022 Jun;39(11-12):894. doi: 10.1089/neu.2016.4770.retract. 
• Sex and age differences in phenylephrine mechanisms and outcomes after piglet brain injury.  Pediatr Res . 2017 Jul;82(1):108-13. Epub 2017 Apr 26. doi:10.1038/pr.2017.83 (hereafter referred to as “ Pediatr Res.  2017”). Retraction in  Pediatr Res.  2022 Oct:92 (4):1200. doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02248-9. 
• Norepinephrine Protects Cerebral Autoregulation and Reduces Hippocampal Necrosis after Traumatic Brain Injury via Blockade of ERK MAPK and IL-6 in Juvenile Pigs.  J Neurotrauma.  2016 Oct 1;33(19):1761-67. Epub 2016 Mar 22. doi: 10.1089/neu.2015.4290 (hereafter referred to as “ J Neurotrauma  2016”). Retraction in:  J Neurotrauma.  2022 Jun;39(11-12):893. doi:neu.2015.4290.retract.
• Preferential Protection of Cerebral Autoregulation and Reduction of Hippocampal Necrosis with Norepinephrine After Traumatic Brain Injury in Female Piglets.  Ped Crit Care Med . 2016 Mar;17(3):e 130-7.  doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000000603 (hereafter referred to as “ Ped Crit Care Med.  2016”). Retraction in:  Ped Crit Care Med . 2022 Jul 1; 23(7):e371.doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000003014.

• Manuscript: Phenylephrine modulates CSF IL-6 in a sex-dependent manner to protect cerebral autoregulation and reduce neuronal death after traumatic brain injury in newborn pigs. Submitted to  Pediatric Critical Care Medicine  in 2019. Withdrawn (hereafter referred to as the “ Ped Crit Care Med  2019 manuscript”).

• Review article: Translational approach towards determining the role of cerebral autoregulation in outcome after traumatic brain injury.  Exp Neurol.  2019 Jul;317:291-7. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.015 (hereafter referred to as “ Exp Neurol . 2019”).

• Poster: Normalization of CPP after TBI protects autoregulation and hippocampal neuronal cell necrosis in female but not male piglets via block of ERK MAPK and IL-6 upregulation. 43rd Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care (SNACC) Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, October 22-23, 2015 (hereafter referred to as the “SNACC 2015 poster”).

• Poster: Norepinephrine protects cerebral autoregulation and reduces hippocampal necrosis after traumatic brain injury via block of ERK MAPK and IL-6 in juvenile pigs. Experimental Biology Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, April 2-6, 2016 (hereafter referred to as the “Experimental Biology 2016 poster).

• Poster: Epinephrine blocks JNK MAPK, protects autoregulation and reduces histopathology after brain injury by age and sex. Neurotrauma 2016 -- The 34th Annual Symposium of the National Neurotrauma Society, Lexington, KY, June 26-29, 2016 (hereafter referred to as the “Neurotrauma Society 2016 poster”).

• R35 NS116805-01, “Brain-heart relationships in outcomes after traumatic brain injury,” submitted to NINDS, NIH, on July 26, 2019, admin126459646istratively withdrawn on March 3, 2020

• R01 NS121149-01, “Brain Heart Interactions and Vascular Contribution to Cognitive Outcome After TBI,” submitted to NINDS, NIH, on June 5, 2020, admin126459646istratively withdrawn on November 1, 2022

• R01 HL139506-01, “tPA, NMDA receptor excitotoxicity, and outcome after stroke,” submitted to NIHLBI, NIH, on February 6, 2017, admin126459646istratively withdrawn on July 2, 2019

• NINDS, NIH, R01 NS090998-02, -03, -04, and -05 grant progress reports, “Pressor Choice Influences Protection of Autoregulation in Brain Injury,” Funding Period: September 1,2015-August 31, 2020

• reused histopathology slides to falsely represent the controls for hippocampal neurons exposed to fluid percussion injury (FPI) and treated with norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PHE), epinephrine (EPI), or dopamine (DA) in distinct experiments performed at different times in Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7E, 7G, and 7H of  Ped Crit Care Med.  2016, Figures 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5G, and 5H of the  Ped Crit Cre Med.  2019 manuscript, Figures 5A, 5B, 5C, 5E, 5G, and 5H of  Pediatr Res.  2017, Figures 6A, 6B, 6C, 6G, and 6H of  J Neurotrauma  2017, Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7E of  J Neurotrauma  2016, and Figures 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, and 5E of  Brain Res.  2017

• reused the histopathology slides representing necrotic neurons after FPI treatment with NE in Figure 7E of  Ped Crit Care Med.  2016 and relabeled the panel to falsely represent necrotic neurons after FPI treatment with PHE in Figure 5D of the  Ped Crit Care Med.  2019 manuscript

• reused and relabeled the histograms to falsely represent traumatic brain injury responses, as represented by necrotic hippocampal neurons, in piglets of different ages and/or genders exposed to different therapeutic agents in Figure 5I of the  Ped Crit Care Med.  2019 manuscript, Figure 7I of  Ped Crit care Med. 2016, Figure 7G of  J Neurotrauma  2016, Figure 7G of  J Neurotrauma  2017, and Figure 5I of  Brain Res.  2017

• reused and relabeled histograms to falsely represent the pial artery response to different therapeutic agents for traumatic brain injury in piglets of different ages and genders in Figure 3 of  Pediatr Res.  2017, Figures 3A and 3B of  Ped Crit Care Med.  2016, and Figures 3 and 5I of  Brain Res.  2017

• falsified and/or fabricated the sham condition, experimental methods, neuronal count methodology, piglet number, data, and statistics reported in  Ped Crit Care Med.  2016,  J Neurotrauma  2016,  J Neurotrauma  2017,  Pediatr Res.  2017,  Brain Res.  2017, and the  Ped Crit Care Med.  2019 manuscript

• reported falsified data, results, and conclusions highlighting the roles that age and gender have in the treatment of traumatic brain injury from  Ped Crit Care Med  2016,  J Neurotrauma  2016,  J Neurotrauma  2017,  Brain Res.  2017, and  Pediatr Res.  2017 in  Exp. Neuro  2019

• reported falsified results from  Ped Crit Care Med.  2016,  J Neurotrauma  2016,  J Neurotrauma  2017, and  Brain Res.  2017 and in the SNACC 2016 poster, Experimental Biology 2016 poster, Neurotrauma 2016 poster in progress reports R01 NS090998-02, -03, -04, and -05

• reported falsified results of the vasoactive agents NE, EPI, PHE, and DA on autoregulation and hippocampal neuronal necrosis in piglets of different ages and genders after a stroke or traumatic brain injury in Figures 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A, and 6B of R35 NS116805-01 and R01 NS121149-01, Figures 3A, 3B, 3G, and 3H of R01 HL139506-01, and the Research Strategy section of R35 NS116805-01

1. Respondent will exclude himself voluntarily for a period of seven (7) years beginning on June 19, 2023 (the “Exclusion Period”), from any contracting or subcontracting with any agency of the United States Government and from eligibility for or involvement in nonprocurement or procurement transactions referred to as “covered transactions” in 2 C.F.R. Parts 180 and 376 (collectively the “Debarment Regulations”).

2. During the Exclusion Period, Respondent will exclude himself voluntarily from serving in any advisory or consultant capacity to PHS including, but not limited to, service on any PHS advisory committee, board, and/or peer review committee.

3. Respondent will request that the following papers be corrected or retracted:

• Exp Neurol.  2019 Jul;317:291-7. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.01. Respondent will copy ORI and the Research Integrity Officer at UPENN on the correspondence with the journal(s).

参考消息：

https://ori.hhs.gov/content/case-summary-armstead-william-m

https://retractionwatch.com/2023/07/03/former-upenn-prof-faked-more-than-50-figures-says-government-watchdog/

http://retractiondatabase.org/RetractionSearch.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1#?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport%3d1%26auth%3dArmstead%252c%2bWilliam%2bM

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