每周分子 | Molecule of the Week
每周分子 | Molecule of the Week
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每周分子： 戊二醛
Molecule of the Week: Glutaraldehyde
戊二醛是一种二醛，也是相应二元酸（戊二酸）的还原形式。早在1908年就有化学文献提及戊二醛 ("trimethylene aldehyde")。当时俄罗斯化学家N. J. Demjanow*和K. Fortunatow通过氧化铬氧化1,5-戊二醇合成了戊二醛 ("trimethylene carbinol") 。
其他制备戊二醛的方法包括对2-甲氧基-3,4-二氢吡喃或2-乙氧基-3,4-二氢吡喃进行酸化，以及钨酸催化的过氧化氢氧化环戊烯 。
由于具有高反应活性的醛基，戊二醛很不稳定，不能以纯品形式储存。商用戊二醛通常为25%或50%水溶液；但也以甲醇溶液形式售卖。正如危害信息表所示，戊二醛有毒，必须小心处理 。
戊二醛有多种用途，包括消毒医疗设备，鞣制皮革，交联聚合物，以及在生化过程中作为固定剂。它甚至被尝试用作护发产品的一种成分，比如产生“永久”波浪类产品 。
戊二醛信息速览
CAS 登记号 |
111-30-8 |
CAS SciFinder命名 |
Pentanedial |
分子式 |
C 5 H 8 O 2 |
摩尔质量 |
100.12 |
外观 |
无色至淡黄色粘稠液体 |
沸点 |
187–189 °C |
水溶性 |
易溶 |
戊二醛危害信息
GHS分类：急性毒性，经口，分类4 |
|
H302-吞咽有害 |
|
GHS分类：皮肤腐蚀/刺激，分类1B |
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H314-造成严重的皮肤灼伤及眼部损伤 |
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GHS分类：皮肤过敏，分类1 |
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H317-可能导致皮肤过敏反应 |
|
GHS分类：严重眼损伤/眼刺激，分类1 |
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H318-严重眼损伤/眼刺激 |
|
GHS分类：急性毒性，吸入，分类3 |
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H331-吸入有毒 |
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GHS分类：呼吸道过敏，分类1 |
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H334-吸入可能导致过敏或哮喘症状或呼吸困难 |
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GHS分类：特异性靶器官毒性，单次接触，呼吸道刺激，分类3 |
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H335-可能引起呼吸道刺激 |
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GHS分类：短期 (急性) 水生危害，分类1 |
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H400-对水生生物有剧毒 |
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GHS分类：长期 (急性) 水生危害，分类1 |
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H410-对水生生物有剧毒并具有长期持续影响 |
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*50%水溶液的数据。这些信息来自一份安全数据表；其他的数据表中有相互矛盾的信息。
【 关于每周分子 】
自2001年以来，“每周分子”已成为广受欢迎的栏目。多数分子由读者推荐。每个结构都经由科学家审查，并以3-D和平面图像的形式显示，同时附有该分子简介。可以通过美国化学文摘社 (CAS) 提供的CAS SciFinder n 中的CAS REGISTRY获取“每周分子”的更多信息。CAS REGISTRY中的每条物质信息都展示了物质的CAS登记号、索引名、通用名、商品名、书目信息等其他更多信息。 发送邮件至motw@acs.org推荐您感兴趣的分子吧 。
Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde and a reduced form of the corresponding diacid, glutaric acid. It was mentioned (as “trimethylene aldehyde”) in the chemical literature as early as 1908, when Russian chemists N. J. Demjanow* and K. Fortunatow synthesized it via the chromic oxide oxidation of 1,5-pentanediol (“trimethylene carbinol”) .
Other ways to prepare glutaraldehyde include acidification of 2-methoxy- or 2-ethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran and tungstic acid–catalyzed hydrogen peroxide oxidation of cyclopentene .
Because of its highly reactive aldehyde groups, glutaraldehyde is too unstable to store in its pure form. The article of commerce is usually a 25% or 50% aqueous solution; but it is also sold in methanol solution. As the hazard information table shows, it is toxic and must be handled carefully .
Glutaraldehyde’s many uses include sterilizing medical equipment, tanning leather, cross-linking polymers, and acting as a fixative in biochemical procedures. It has even been tried as an ingredient in hair treatments, such as “permanent” waves .
Glutaraldehyde fast facts
CAS Reg. No. |
111-30-8 |
|
SciFinder nomenclature |
Pentanedial |
|
Empirical formula |
C 5 H 8 O 2 |
Molar mass |
100.12 |
Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow viscousliquid |
Boiling point |
187–189 °C |
Water solubility |
Miscible |
a. Uncertain; also reported as low as 43 °C.
Glutaraldehyde hazard information
Acute toxicity, oral, category 4 |
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H302-Harmful if swallowed |
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Skin corrosion/irritation, category1B |
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H314-Causes severe skin burns and eyedamage |
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Skin sensitization, category 1 |
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H317-May cause an allergic skin reaction |
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Serious eye damage/eye irritation, category 1 |
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H361-Causes serious eye damage |
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Acute toxicity, inhalation,category 3 |
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H331-Toxic if inhaled |
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Respiratory sensitization, category1 |
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H334-May cause allergy or asthmasymptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled |
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Specific target organ toxicity,single exposure, respiratory tract irritation, category 3 |
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H335-May cause respiratory irritation |
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Short-term (acute) aquatic hazard,category 1 |
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H400-Very toxic to aquatic life |
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Long-term (acute) aquatic hazard,category 1 |
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H410-Very toxic to aquatic life withlong-lasting effects |
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About Molecule of the Week
MOTW has been a popular feature on ACS website since 2001. Many molecules are suggested by our website visitors. Every structure is reviewed by a scientist and displayed in 3-D and flat images with a brief description. Each week’s molecule also links to a sample record from the CAS REGISTRY, which is searched using CAS SciFinder n . Each record displays the registry number, index name and synonyms, bibliographic information, and more. Send us a molecule suggestion at motw@acs.org .
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