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考试必备贴:关系代词引导的限制性定语从句

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考试必备贴:关系代词引导的限制性定语从句

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PART 1

知识点点击

一、定语从句  
定语从句是起定语作用的从句,为形容 词性从句,用来限制、描绘或说明主句中的 某个名词或代词,有时也说明整个主句或主 句中的一部分。 被定语从句修饰、指代的对 象叫做先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关 系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 引导定语 从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that,  which, as 等; 关系副词有when, where, why 等。 关系词在定语从句中充当一定的成分, 可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
如:
I can’t find the magazine that/which is  borrowed from the library. (主语)
The man whom you saw just now is my  English teacher. (宾语)
二、关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可 缺少的定语。 通常情况下,限制性定语从句 和主句关系十分密切。

1. 关系代词that和which

(1) that引导定语从句时,既可以指人,也 可以指物。 指人时,相当于who或whom; 物时,相当于which。 that在定语从句中作主 语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
如:
I am going to see a friend that/who has just  come back from Beijing. 
This is the novel (that/which) Vincent  wrote for the competition. 
(2) which用于指物,在定语从句中作主 语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
如:
The tall building which is by the lake looks  beautiful. 
The film (which) they went to see last  night was not interesting at all. 
(3) 一般用that而不用which的特殊情 况:
a. 先行词为all, any, much, little, something,  everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代 词时。
如:
I refuse to accept the blame for something  that was someone else’s mistake. 
Is there anything that I can do for you?
b. 先行词被only, very, no, some, few, little 等词修饰时。
如:
Mike is the only person that was present at that time.
c. 先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或 被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
如:
This is the most interesting film that I’ve  ever seen. 
d. 先行词为人和物并用时。
如:
I can remember well the persons and some  pictures that I saw in the room.
e. 主句为who或which开头的特殊疑问句 或先行词是who,whom,which,what时。
如:
Which is the bike that you lost last weekend?
Who that had seen the sight could ever  forget?
f. 先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词 也在从句中作表语时。
如:
Jiangsu is no longer the province that it  used to be. 
(4) 只用which不用that的情况:
a. 关系代词前有介词时。
如:
Is this the house in which the old professor  was born?
b. 先行词为that,且指物时。
如:
What’s that which was put in the car? 
c. which用作定语时。
如:
Tom may be late, in which case we ought  to wait for him.

2. 关系代词who, whom和whose

(1) who和whom用于指人,who用作主 语,whom用作宾语(常可省略)。 在口语中, 有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
如:
The girl who often helps me with my  English is from England. 
Professor Wang is the person (whom) you  talked about in the office. 
(2) whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语 从句中作定语。 指人时相当于of whom, 指物 时相当于of which。
如:
Do you know the man whose name is  Anderson? 
= Do you know the man the name of  whom is Anderson? 
We live in a house whose windows face  south.
= We live in a house the windows of which  face south. 

3. 关系代词as

关系代词as 既可以指人也可以指物,在 定语从句中常作主语、宾语或表语,通常有 such,the same,as many,as much等修饰其 先行词。
如:
Such books as I have read are classical  works. 
The teacher set such a difficult problem as  none of us could solve. 

4.

当way表示方法、方式作先行词时, 后 面的定语从句可以用that或in which引导, 也可 省略关系词 如果定语从句中缺少宾语时,  要用that或which引导, 也可以省略关系词。
如:
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he  speaks to his mother. 
The way (that/which) we just talked about  was quite simple.

PART 2

即学即练

用适当的关系代词填空。
1. The boy      hair is golden is from the United States.
2. I want to find a person      can help me learn English.
3. This is the only road      leads to the top of the mountain. 
4.The woman with      I went is my aunt. 
5. Bob bought a book in the bookstore this morning. It is the same book        I borrowed from the library the day before yesterday.
【参考答案】
1. whose 
2. who/that
3. that 
4. whom
5. as
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