Study on Shanghai Water Management Information Standard and its application

Sha nghai Water Mana gementtheir sub-divisions the levels of| standardization is a high priority inproject survey, for hydrology andinformatiza tion differ a lot, andwater informatization. It is a keywater quality data acquisition, fotrades division is apparent. Informa-measure for resources integratingflood disaster data acquisition andtion sharing across trades andand information sharing. Accordingfor remote sensing monitoring, etc.departments needs to be solvedto the strategic objectives of“Gold-The“Standard" is the basis ofurgently. Lack of information stan-en Water Project” in China andother standards for water informa-ards is becoming a prominent“Digital City”in Shanghai, and ontion management in Shanghai. Iproblem to affect data exchangingthe basis of actual requirements ofmainly includes three parts: (1) clas-and information sharing, so is thwater conservancy， water supplysifications and codes，(2) terms andimpracticality of current standardsand water drainage, we carry out aattributed data structures, and (3)At present, there are very fewresearch on“ Shanghai Water Man-GIS diagrammatic symbols.researches on information standardsagementInformation Standard"2.1 Classifications and codesof integrated water management(Hereinafter “Standard").T he method of number codingboth in China and in other coun-2. Architecture of theis applied in this research. The totaltries. Ministry of Water Conservan-“Standard”length of number is 17, in whichcy and Ministry of Construction ofThe serial standards for waterclassification code has 8 numbersChina have made some nationalinformation in Shanghai are om-and identification code has 9 num-standards and ministerial standardsni- directional, multi-levels and sys-bers. The structure is shown in Fig.1.for water management. However,hese standards cannot completely Classifcation code(8 numbers) Identification code(9 numbers)meet the requirements of integrated Q4 XX XX XXxX xxxxxxxwater management in Shanghai. Onthe one hand, their research scopes- The element code- The code of administrativeare very different. Shanghai is locat-divisionsedat a plain tidal area with 23787-The third-level classificationrivers, 1826 sluices and 8174 pump-- The second-level classificationing stations, but only 34 big rivers: The first-level classification: water conservancy as 01,water supply as 02, water drainage as 03and 48 sluices are coded in nationalThe theme level classification: water management as 04or ministerial standards. On the oth-Fig. 1 Structure of classifications and codes for waterer hand, their research contents andmanagement information in Shanghaidepths are also different. The na-tional or ministerial standards sel-termatic. Firstly， Shanghai Water(1) Classification code: Acdom contain GIS diagrammaticAuthority needs to draft water man-cording to the classification princi-symbols and attributed data struc-agement information standard, stan-ples for construction and manage-ures, nevertheless which are verydard for building database and man-ment information in“Digital City"important for water GIS application.agement information system, andof Shanghai, the structure of waterIn addition, the existing diagram-standard for building water informa-information clasification includes 4matic symbols in those standardstion public platform, etc. Secondly,layers, i.e. the theme-level classifi-can be only used in handcraftedbased on above standards， somcation, the first-level classification,mapping or computer-aided map-sub-divisions and district(or county)the second-level classification andping, and cannot meet the require-water author ities need to specializenifration. Thement in GIS application.and extend standards, such as those中国煤化工。n codes allTherefore, water informationfor water project code, for waterYHCNMH Guuivinsuuction andwww.China-cas.org | China Standardization| MARCH 2007( hina Scenemanagement fields of Shanghai, i.e. urban planning as| signed in the element code, because the total number of01, land using as 02, house building as 03, water man-vater projects such as water gauges and drainageagement as 04, municipal management as 05 and traffic| pipelines in a single district or county may exceed 1 mil-management as 06, etc. The first-level, the second-level| lion.and the third-level classifications are the subdivisions ofTake river for an example. We have coded 2835the theme-level classification. Water management (04)| rivers in Shanghai, including city-level rivers, dis-is subdivided into water conservancy (0401), water sup-trict-level(county-level) rivers and town-level rivers. Forply (0402) and water drainage (0403). Then, sluice can| instance, the identification code of Gu'Pu river, a dis-be coded as 040109. In particular, the third-level classi-| trict-level river in Jia ' ding district, is 10000005.“14" infication mainly refers to the spatial element entity such| this code refers to Jia' ding district, and“0000005”in thisas regulating sluice (04010902), pumping combined| code refers to the order of this river in Jia' ding district.sluice (04010905), etc. The architecture of classifica-| Furthermore the coding process is automatically com-tions is shown in Table 1.pleted by computer program based on GIS technology.The theme-evel The firstHevel| The second-levelThe third-levelNameclassification classification classificationclassification)4Water mana gement0401Vater conservancyRiver04010104010100Lake040102040 10200Tidal flat04010304010300Wetland04010404010400Flood controlling area04010504010500poldePolder040106040 10600Sluice040109Hydro junction04010901Re gulating sluice0401090204010903Simple lock04010904Pumping com bined sluice.....04010905Table 1. The architecture of classifications for water management information in ShanghaiMinistry of Water Conservancy has classified main2.2 Terms and attributed data structureswater conservancy projects in“ Specification on BasicIn the“ Standard", 102 terms for water manage-Information Coding of Water Conservancy Projects (SL| ment information such as river, sluice, tidal flat, wet-213-98)”. For example, the classification code of river is| land, flood wall, and seawall are defined concisely. Each“A", but in this“ Standard "it is coded as“04010100”.term is given in both Chinese and English. On the basisIn consideration of compatibility, an automatic conver-| of actual situation of water management in Shanghai andsion program has been developed to convert codes be-| relevant references, we have tried to define some termstween this“Standard" and the ministrial standards.for special use, such as digital water management, water(2) Identification code: The identification code in-| basic database, Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay,cludes two parts: the code of administrative divisionsetand the element code. Firstly, in order to facilitate waterAttributed data structures of 46 important water el-project administration, the code of administrative divi-ements are defined in the“ Standard”. The structure in-sions coincides with“Codes for the Administrative Di-| cludes field name中国煤化工inese mean-visions of the People's Republic of China (GB/T ing of each field aMYHCNMHG°2givesan2260-2002)”. Secondly, other seven numbers are de-| example of the attributea data structure 01 river. We de-8www.China-cas.org| China Standardization |MARCH 2007Sha nghai Water Mana gementDatatypeFie Id nameMeaningExplanationd lengthRIV IDRiver codeC(16)RIV_ NAMERiver nameC(30)RIV LENGTHRiver lengthN(8,2)RIV_ WIDTH ESWidth of river mouthN(6,2)Avera ge width of rivermouth. Unit: mALT_ BOElevation of river bedN(3,2)Average elevation of theriver bed. Unit: mEWCA IDCode of flood controlling areaLEVEL MAX Actual maximum waterlevelN(3 ,2)Unit: mTIME TLTime of the maximum water-levelE.g., 19999-9 19:00LEVEL TOPPlanned m aximum water-leve 1N3,2)LEvel NOROrdinary water-evelAvera ge water-level of manyyears. Unit: mLEVEL ALAWarning wa terlevelCOM MNGManagement unitName of mana gement unit.....Table 2. The atributed data structure of riverveloped a UML data model, which users can use to cre-and color of each symbol are defined. The symbol sizeate all data structures conveniently under GeoDatabase| adopts RGB to display, and the symbol color is designedenvironment.based on the electronic map with a scale of 1:500. For2.3 GIS diagrammatic symbolsuser' s convenience, we also designed a TrueType fontIn order to unify diagrammatic symbols used in GIS| file including 79 GIS diagrammatic symbols, which canClassificationsymbol Type Classification symbolTypebe downloaded from the web-site. These GIS diagrammaticIrrigationRaw watersymbols are compatible withpumping8Point3.most GIS softwares. An exam-station2.6ple of pumping station is givenDrainageBoosterin Table 3..03. Applications of the“Standard”Irrigation andThe“Standard" has passeddrainageStorm pumping 23 Othrough four stages of formula-.8tion. (1) Three separate stan-dards for wa ter conservancy ,Water intakeSewage30 (24watersupplyanddrainage were completed in3.02003,，and were implementedReservoirInterflowon a trial basis in Shanghai. Inaddition, as public items ogovernmental information, theyTable 3. GIS diagrammatic symbols for pumping stations in Shanghaihave been downloaded for overapplication, and electronic map making or printing, GIS1000 times througwehsite un. to now 2 The“Stam-diagrammatic symbols for all spatial element of water| dard” was listedfYH中国煤化工rds plan inmanagement information are designed. The shape, size| 2004, and integralCNM H Gy Shanghaiwww.China-cas.org | China Standardization| MARCH 2007( hina Scene .|WebGIS in city-levelWater Information Center basedon the three standards above.Shanghai Institute of Standardiza-tion and relevant sub-divisions ofShanghai Water Authority alsotook part in this work. (3) In Mayof 2005, we accepted constructiveInformation Sharingadvice from 12 governmental de-partments in Shanghai including| WebGIS in disctrict-levelShanghai In formatization Com-mittee, Shanghai EnvironmentalProtection Bureau and ShanghaiAgricultural Commission, etc. (4)The“Standard” passed the pro-Qing' pu DistrictSong' jiang DistrictJin'shan DistrictPu' tuo Districtfessional examination organizedFig. 2 Application of the“Standard”- -GIS data of the city and districts canby Shanghai Municipal Bureau ofbe mutually used through network based on MapService technologyQuality and Technical Supervi-sion in April of 2006, and will betency of the data. Therefore these WebGIS applicationformalized soon.systems can be run independently or jointly, which re-3.1 Application 1 - Codes for rivers in Shanghaiflects the idea of multi-level management and informa-River information is the basic information that| tion linking.Shanghai Water Authority and other local departments3.3 Application 3 - Shanghai water resources mon-need. Based on water conservancy survey data and inte-| itoring and managing systemgrated with the research on“Investigation on River Spa-Shanghai water resources monitoring and managingtial Changes Based on RS and GIS in Shanghai", 2835| system is an important part of "Digital Water Manage-rivers including those at the city, district and town levels| ment" of Shanghai. It is also a trial project designated byare coded. This may serve as an exemplar for codingThe Water Resources Administrative Office of Ministryother types of water projects such as seawall, flood wall,| of Water Conservancy. Based on the“Standard", all da-sluice, pumping station, sewage treatment plant and pipe| ta from 10 real-time monitoring systems and 10 manage-network, etc.ment information systems developed by different subdi-3.2 Application 2 - GIS data of the city and dis-| visions can be integrated through the network. Moretricts can be mutually used through the network based| over, the functions of real-time monitoring and evaluat-on MapService technologying water resources have been preliminarily achieved. InUnder the guidance of the“Standard" , water au| the meantime many important water conservancy pro-thorities of Qing pu, Song jiang, Jin' shan and Pu 'tuo| jects are effectively supervised and managed as well.districts in Shanghai have developed their own WebGIS4. Summaryapplication systems, and all chose ArcIMS platform to .This research has two innovations: (1) An architec-set up MapSerivce. They can use data from any MapSer-| ture of casfcatinis and codes for water managementvices currently on the network, and Shanghai Water Au-information has been established, by integrating“waterthority can also integrated its GIS data with MapServiceconservancy, water supply and water drainage", andata of districts and counties through the network. In admeanwhile by link中国煤化工: minstrialdition water authorities at city-level and district-levelstandards and ShaYHCNMH Gpecial atmaintain their own database, which guarantees consis-| tention have beenpard to practcablty and operability10www.China-cas.org| China Standardization |MARCH 2007Shanghai Water Mana gementof the“ Standard". Terms, GIS dia-Diagrams for flood control andAbout the Authors:grammatic symbols and attributeddrought defense (SL 73.7-2003).Wang Hugjie: deputy direc-data structures have been put for-Bejing: China Water Power Press,tor of Shanghai Water Informationward, by integrating IT with the de-2004. (Chinese)Center, senior engineer, senior in-mand of Shanghai water manage-[5] National flood control andformation officer, senior program-ment. For user 's convenience, GIdrought defense headquarters office.mer, MSCE and MBA. He is spe-symbols storehouse and attributedCode for China river name (SLcialized in water information man-data structures have been made, and249- 1999). Beijing: China Wateragement and water planning.programs for automatically generat-Power Press, 2000. (Chinese)ing river code have been developed.[6] The international coopera-Zheng Xiaoyang: deputy di-This research is a valuable at-tion and technology office of Min-rector of chief engineer's office oftempt to promote resources integrat-istry of Water Conservancy. TheShanghai Water Information Center,ing and information sharing by in-collections of technology standardsengineer, Ph.D. He is specialized information standardization. In addi-for water conservancy (Volume I &water information management andtion, to establish a standard is notBeijing: China Water PowerGIS application development.the ultimate purpose, but to applyPress, 2002. (Chinese)the standard is. Therefore, publicity[7] The international coopera-and training should be strengthenedin order to enable all departmentsistry of Water Conservancy. Specifi-and sub-divisions to strictly conformcation on compiling technical stan-to it in the informatization drive.Idards for water conservancy(SL1-2002). Beijing: China WaterRe ferences:Power Press, 2005. (Chinese)[8] Wang Songnian, Ruan Ren-[1] Standard research center ofThe instruction of standard-liang. Census report of water re-ization work. Part 1: Standard struc-sources in Shanghai. Shanghai:ture and making rule (GB/TShanghai Science & Technology1.1-2000). Bejing: Standards PressPress, 2001. (Chinese)of China, 2001. (Chinese)[2] Ministry of Water Conser-vancy of the People's Republic ofChina. Standard for terms and sym-ols used in hydrometry (GB/T50095-98). Beijing: China PlanningPress, 1999. (Chinese)[3] Ministry of Construction ofthe People's Republic of China.Standard for water supply anddrainagedrawings(GB/T50106-2001). Beijing: China Plan-ning Press, 2002. (Chinese)中国煤化工[4] National flood control andMYHCNMH Gl1www.China-cas.org | China Standardization| MARCH 2007