The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the controversy origin of natural gas in the Ordos Basin by using the hydrocarbons of oil water. New evidence has been found: There is relatively high content of light hydrocarbons and low content of heavy components in the hydrocarbons fraction of oil water in the middle gas field of the Majiagou Formation, Ordovician reservoir. The hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 have relatively high abundance of tricyclic terpane. Tricyclic terpane/hopane of the two samples are 1.48 and 0.36, respectively. They also show that pregnane and hompregnane are in relatively high abundance with lower hopane/sterane ratio. Pr/Ph is less than 2.0. These characteristics reflected the source input of marine carbonate sedimentary environment. In contrast, the hydrocarbon of Well Shan 81 is lack of tricyclic terpane series and pregnane. It has a high hopane/sterane ratio and Pr/Ph is 3.27. These parameters are typical character of terrestrial organic matter. Furthermore, the hydrocarbons of oil water in Well Shan 37 and Well Shan 34 is between the two typical situations. They have little content of tricyclic terpanes. They may be derived from a mixing source of marine carbonate and terrestrial organic matter input. Similarly, the maturity parameters approve this suggestion. The samples of Well Shan 12 and Well Shan 78 which derived from marine carbonate have relatively high maturity and samples derived from terrestrial organic matter have lower maturity. The maturity of the hydrocarbons of mixing source is between these two situations. The suggestion coincides with the geological background and source rocks distribution....
Three reactions involved in dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from CO hydrogenation: methanol synthesis reaction (MSR), methanol dehydration reaction (MDR) and water gas shift reaction (WGSR) are studied by thermodynamic calculation. For demonstrating this process in detail, three models, MSR,MSR+MDR, MSR+MDR+WGSR, are used. Their basic characteristics can be obtained by varying widely the ratios of H2 to CO in the feed (no CO2). Through thermodynamic analysis a chemical synergic effect obviously exists in the second and third models. By comparison between two models it is found that WGSR plays a special role in dimethyl ether synthesis. It is possible for the two models to shift one to the other by regulating CO2 concentration in feed. For Model 2, the selectivity for DME in oxygenates (DME+methanol) does not change with the ratio of H2 to CO....
Effective removal of adhesive and fine dusts from flue gas is very difficult. A new method of electrostatic precipitation of the coronadischarges with spraying water(CDSW) was introduced. A new electrode configuration and the circulation spraying of water were employed inthe method. The efficient electrostatic precipitation for adhesive and fine dusts can be accomplished without any drain water during a longoperating period. The fundamental structure, discharge characteristics, mechanism of spraying and precipitation principle of the electrostaticprecipitation using CDSW were described and analyzed. The V-I characteristics, spraying state, supplying water quantity, influence oftemperature and clean of the electrodes were researched in series experiments. The treating effects of circulating spraying using the coronaplasma at the same time of electrostatic precipitation were investigated. The fundamental theories and experimental data were proposed, in orderto effectively remove the adhesive dusts from flue gas using CDSW in practice....
The pulsed high-voltage discharge is a new advanced oxidation technology for water treatment.Methyl Orange (MO) dye wastewater was chosen as the target object.Some investigations were conducted on MO decoloration including the discharge characteristics of the multi-needle reactor,parameter optimization,and the degradation mechanism.The following results were obtained.The color group of the azo dye MO was effectively decomposed by water surface plasma.The decoloration rate was promoted with the increase of treatment time,peak voltage,and pulse frequency.When the initial conductivity was 1700 tS/cm,the decoloration rate was the highest.The optimum distahce between the needle electrodes and the water surface was 1 mm,the distance between the grounding electrode and the water surface was 28 mm,and the number of needle electrodes and spacing between needles were 24 and 7.5 mm,respectively.The decoloration rate of MO was affected by the gas in the reactor and varied in the order oxygen ＞ air＞ argon ＞ nitrogen,and the energy yield obtained in this investigation was 0.45 g/kWh....
An artificial water curtain system is composed of a network of underground galleries and horizontal boreholes drilled from these galleries. Pre-grouting measures are introduced to keep the bedrock saturated all the time. This system is deployed over an artificial or natural underground cavern used for the storage of gas (or some other fluids) to prevent the gas from escaping through leakage paths in the rock mass. An experimental physical modeling system has been constructed to evaluate the performance of artificial water curtain systems under various conditions. These conditions include different spacings of caverns and cavern radii located below the natural groundwater level. The principles of the experiment, devices, design of the physical model, calculation of gas leakage, and evaluation of the critical gas pressure are presented in this paper. Experimental result shows that gas leakage is strongly affected by the spacing of water curtain boreholes, the critical gas pressure, and the number and proximity of storage caverns. The hydraulic connection between boreholes is observed to vary with depth or location, which suggests that the distribution of water-conducting joint sets along the boreholes is also variable. When designing the drainage system for a cavern, drainage holes should be orientated to maximize the frequency at which they encounter major joint sets and permeable intervals studying in order to maintain the seal on the cavern through water pressure. Our experimental results provide a significant contribution to the theoretical controls on water curtains, and they can be used to guide the design and construction of practical storage caverns....
By using the equipment designed and developed by ourselves, experiment of investigating the influence of dissolution on some geo-chemical parameters (such as Δ13c,Δd,and Ic4/Nc4 in water-dissolved gas (WDG) during migration) was performed. The result shows that, with the increase of distance, 1) the relative abundance of non-hydrocarbon (CO2) and hydrocarbon (CH4) increase while the relative abundance of hydrocarbon (C2+) decreases (the relative abundance of hydrocarbon (C5+) can be basically negligible); 2) the relative abundance of benzene and methylbenzene increase in the initial time and then decrease. The carbon and hydrogen isotopes of methane vary slightly, which can be regarded as indicators of gas dissolved in water formation....
