Assessment of Cu, Pb and Hg Contamination in Bottom Sediments Of Surface Water in XuZhou

Jun.2004Journal of China University of Mining &. TechnologyVol. 14 No. 1A ssessment of Cu, Pb andHg Contamination in BottomSediments Of Surface Water in XuZhouWANG Xiao(王晓)， HAN Bao- ping(韩宝平), ZHU Xue -qiang(朱雪强)(School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, CUMT，Xuzhou， Jiangsu 221008 ,China)Abstract: Pollution of heavy metals Cu,Pb and Hg is assessed using geo accumulation index in this paper. Theresult shows that the bottom sediments of surface water in Xuzhou is polluted by these heavy metals to deferentdegrees, of which the Jinma River is the most serious ，and then the Kuihe River, the abandoned Yellow River,and the Jinghang Canal. The Yunlong Lake has also been polluted by Hg. The three kinds of heavy metals in theorder of concentration is Hg > Cu> Pb. The pollution degree and the type of element is closely related withindustrial structure in Xuzhou.Key words: srface water; bottom sediment; heavy metal contamination; index of Geo accumulationCLC number: X 13Document code: AArticle ID: 1006- 1266(2004)01- 0070-03manmade lake locating in south Xuzhou city. It is1 Water System of Xuzhouan important part of south suburb landscape. TheXuzhou city belongs to Huai River valley andeast lake is an amusement area and the west ishas a common boundary with Jiangsu，Shandong ,breeding aquatics area with the water quality of classHenan，and Anhui provinces. The main riversthrough downtown area are the Jinghang Canal,There are 306 industrial pollution sources inJingma River, Abandoned Yellow River, and KuiheXuzhou. Based on the data collected from 63River. The Jinghang Canal is a water way whichimportant industrial wastewater sources, 11. 96 Mtreceives wastewater from north suburb industrialwastewater was drained in 2001. All surface waterarea and residential area with the water qualitybut Yunlong Lake was seriously polluted.being class IN. The Jingma River is located in north2 Sampling and testingsuburb，which is mainly a drainage river with thewater quality of class V and the waste water flowsFor assessment of Cu，Pb，Hg pollution inthrough it to Jinghang Canal. The Abandonedbottom sediments of surface water in Xuzhou city, aYellow River winds its way from northwest tosystem sampling was carried out in all rivers andsoutheast and accepts the municipal wastewater ofYunlong lake. On the basis of distribution ofmiddle and east of the city with the water quality ofpollution source， there are 55 bottom sedimentclass V 。Kuiher River originates from Y unlongsamples were collected and tested. Surface sedimentLake. It winds its way from south downtown area(approximated 0-6 cm in depth) was collcted byto Anhui province by east Kuishan hill. It mainly中国煤化工r drying and manuallyreceives municipal wastewater drained from southfHCNMHGigha100meshscreencity and some industrial wastewater, with a waterand reserved in the airer. Accuracy samplingquality of class V. Yunlong Lake is a 5. 8 km?locations are showing on Fig. 1. Bottom sedimentReceived date: 2003 - 09 - 23Biograph5方数据Xiao( 1972- ), female, from Pingyu, Henan Province, lecturer, master degree, engaged in the research on harnessingpolluted water.WANG Xiao et al.Assessment of Cu、Pb&.Hg Contamination in Bottom Sediments of .sample was tested by Plasma Spectrometry. TheTable 2 Comparison of Geo accumulation indicesresult is shown in Table 1.Sample .IgeoWater bodynumberCuPHg河CLLg洲家坝INMaximum1.852.562.61棉，洞山西Jinghang Canal 1(Minimum0.690.29 -0. 73杭大解台闸Average1.101.471.22秦洪港8的运Igeo> 153.764.498.41少期，马，红旗新村Minimum 0. 780.741.18Jingma River1:沈场南桥合群桥2.09 2. 244.84 .H廖1g0o>1 14 1415所FH，迎春桥Maximum 2. 331.654.11庆云桥Abandoned1Minimum - 0.63 - 1.54 - 1. 17汉Yellow Rive0.94.动函》州小郭庄/FH。g0o>1 34.日牌三官庙山头I上河头Maximum 4. 711.905.97FHgMinimum 0.44 - 1.25 - 1. 28Kui River1!杨山头2. 550.983.09D耐采样Ig0o>1 1313K，黄桥-采样断面Maximum 0.07 -0. 184. 45Minimum -0.79 - 0.90 - 1. 24Y unlong lakAverage--0.15.-0.502.31Fig.1 Accuracy sampling locationsIg0o>1 0 0 14.71Table 1 Concentration of heavy metals inMinimum一0.79- 1.54 一 1. 24Total55sediment of the surface waterwop/10- 61.644.95Ig0o>1 33342Sample2u)bMaximum 106. 30154. 100. 58According to Table 1 and 2，we can get theJinghang Canal10Minimum 47.47 32.00 0. 0(following conclusions:Average 65. 5580. 350. 281) The main polluted reaches of JinghangMaximum 398. 50 586. 90 32. 17Minimum 50. 3843. 520. 21Canal is from Qinhong's harbor down to Xietai149.59 165.40 8. 70waterlocks with the overall pollution being not asMaximum 148.00 82. 001. 63serious as that of Jingma River and Kuihe River.Minimum 19. 009.00 0.04Average 56. 3840.84 0. 51The pollution sources are mainly the living andMaximum 771.00 97.21 5. 93.industrial wastewater and sediments flushed into itI5Minimum 40.00 11.00 0.04in rainy season from Jingma River， and also the172.81 51.44 1. 50Maximum 31.00 23.00 2. 06leakage of gasoline， diesel， etc from ships. TheYunlong LakeMinimum 17.00 14.00 0.04polution degree of chemical elements Pb and Hg isAverage 26.60 18. 400. 47relatively high. There are above 70% of bottomMaximum 771.00 586.90 32. 17Minimum 17.00 9.00 0. 04sediments samples were moderately or seriously110.55 81.37 2. 92polluted. The sequence of pollution degree is Pb >Hg>Cu.3 Results and assessement2) The Jingma River accepts the waste waterPollution evaluation of heavy metals Cu，Pb，中国煤化工”area and lving wasteand Hg was carried out with the index ofTHCN MH Guzhou city. Because theGeoaccumulation[1-6].heavy" metal elements 1S adsorbed or deposited byThe local background values are: Cu，19. 62granule and then transferred to bed sediments, themg/kg; Pb， 17. 39 mg/kg; and Hg，0. 063 .concentration of heavy metal tends to be higher inmg/kg，r99月数糖y. Table 2 is the comparison ofbed sediments. Hg pollution is most serious andGeo- -accumulation indices ofCu, Hg, and Pb.most of the samples were polluted seriously, theJournal of China University of Mining &. TechnologyVol. 14 No. 1maximum Igoo valueis 8. 31. Cu and Pb pollution areothers have not been polluted by Cu,Pb,and Hg onalso quite serious.the whole.3 ) The Abandoned Yellow River accepts4 Concl usionwastewater of middle and east area of the city.F rom Hequn bridge down to Han bridge ,the river isAs a whole, the bottom sediments of surfacepolluted by Cu， Pb， and Hg and concentrateswater in Xuzhou are polluted by heavy metals Cu,between Qingyun bridge and Han bridge. The HgPb, and Hg to deferent degrees. The sequence ofpollution is from moderate to strong,Cu and Pbpollution degree is Jingma River 二 > Kuihe Riverpollution are moderate. The sequence of pollutionJinghang Canal > t Abandoned Yellow Riverdegree is Hg>Cu> Pb.Yunlong Lake. Only one sampling site is polluted4) The Kui River mainly receives municipalby Hg in Yunlong Lake. The three heavy metalswastewater drained from south city and industrialrank by concentration is Hg>Cu> Pb. The mainwastewater. In the upstream of the sampling sitereason of pollution is municipal wastewater andK10,the Hg pollution is serious or so, and the Cuindustrial wastewater which contain a lot of heavyand Pb pollution are moderate; Hg and Cu pollutionmetals and is released to the surface water. Theseare basically the moderate while Pb pollution is quiteheavy metal elements can be rapidly transferred intolight. The sequence of pollution degree is Hg> Cuthe bottom sediments by various chemical and> Pb.physical actions. The polution degree and element5) Yunlong Lake is an important scenic area in .are closely related with the industrial structure insouth suburb of Xuzhou city. Except that theXuzhou.sampling site Y5 is seriously polluted by Hg，theReferences[1] Fergusson J E. The Heavy Elements: Chemistry，Enviromental Impact and Health Effcts[M]. London: PergamonPress, 1990.[2] Forstner U,Ahlf W ,Calmano W. Sediment quality objectives and criteria development in Germany[J]. Water SciTechnol ,1993，28(8) :307-313.[3] Bakan G, Balkas T I. Enrichment of metal in the surface sediments of Sapanca Lake[J]. W ater Environment Research,1999,71(1):71-74.[4]韩宝平,王晓,冯启言,等,徐州市荆马河底泥重金属污染特征研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(2):138-140.[5]霍文毅,黄风茹,陈静生,等.河流颗粒重金属污染评价方法比较研究[J].地理科学,1997,19(1):81-86.[6] 贾振邦,周 华,赵智杰,等.应用地积累指数法评价太子河沉积物中重金属污染[]].北京大学学报(自然科学版)，2000,36(4) :524- 530.中国煤化工MHCNMHG