Formalization of Rules for the Cooperation between Goal and Process

Joumal of Donghua University(Eng. Ed.) Vol. 29, No. 1 (2012)Formalization of Rules for the Cooperation between Goal and ProcessuI Zhao(李昭)"”， LI Zheng(李征)"*, LI Hong tao(李宏涛)", LIANG Peng(梁鹏)'.*, He Ke-qing(何克清)LIU Shu-yu( 刘书宇)1 State Key Laboratony of Sofware Engineering. Wuhan Uriersity, Wuhan 430072 ,China .2 Compuler School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 , ChinaAbstract: To meet the end-user' s dyamially changed requlrementsconcemed about the non-functional goals. However, Ref. [8]for software and achleve the on-demand changes of operationalonly focuses on the functional goals and the operations to Goalprocess in time, based 00 the Goal model and the Process model, theand Process but the detais foruser's personalized operations of the related work were simpinedand integrated, and rules for the cooperation between Goal andThis paper primarily focuses on specifying the rules for theProcess which it to” software engineers were proposed andcooperation between Goal and Process and their formalization toformalized. The user' s personalized operations of the related worksupport the dynamic evolution of Proccss model. Furthermore,were analyzed to conclude the patterm of Goal mdifcation. By thewe will also ignore the non-functional goals and refer Ref. [9]direct drive of Goal mdifcation,n the crrepoding changes ofto simplifty the personalized operations, and then propose theProcess were induced and specified. Then rnules for the cooperationpattern of Goal modification and the rules for the cooperationachieved in Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL). In this paper,between Goal and Process./L mooal and Poc. Due to that SWRL etnded tereasoning support ws provided for the model modifeation based onoretic semantics and provided a formal meaningfor OWL ontology including rules， the nules described byKey words: personalized reguirements; on demand senvices; Goal andSWRL would support the cooperation between Goal and Pocess$ well as the dynamic evolution of the Process model, so weArticle ID: 1672-5220(2012 )01 -0032-05will study the formalization of the rules. This paper could alsoprovide some reasoning support for Process model modificationbased oD ontology.Introduction1 Goal Model and Process ModelAs requirements engineering [1] has increasingly becomeGoal is an abstract metaclass that represents the businessmore important in software development, lots of requirementsintent of a user or an organization, and a goal consists of threemodeling methods have emerged in the industry, such as Goal-parts: a verb, a noun, and a prefix or a suffix. The verborientedrequirements.Ontology -basedindicates the Operation, the noun indicates the Object dealt withrequirements modeling [3], and Feature-oriented requirementsby the opecration, and the prefix or the suffix indicate howmodeling. [4. During the requrements modeling， Goal(Manner) the operation affets the object. A goal is a high-provides basic information for detecting and resolving thelevel statement when first proposed, and it needs to beconflicts arising from different points of view to get the .decomposed to get a concrete and operational description.complete and clear requirements specification. The currentDecomposition is the process that decomposing the high-levelrequiremcnt engineering stays in the Goal-oriented computinggoal into many sub-goals. The Decompoition primarilyparadigm]，Semantic Web Rule Language ( SWRL) is adescribes the relationship between upper and lower goals, and itproposal for a Semantic Wcb ruleslanguage [6]，combining theconsists of And and or relationships. And relationship indicatesWeb Ontology Language-Description Logic (OWL DL) and thethat once the upper goal is selected, all of the lower goals mustWeb Ontology Language-Lite ( OWL Lite) with the Unary/be selected; Or rclationship indicates that once the upper goal isBinary Datalog RuleML sublanguages of the Rule Markupselected, at least one goal from the lower goals set must beLanguage. The proposal extends the set of OWL axioms tosclccted. At the same time,ne Constraint relationships mayinclude Horm-like rules. It thus enables Hom-like nules to beexist between different goals. Constraint relationship consists ofcombined with an OWL knowledge base [7].Depend, Exclude, Equal , and Contribute relationships. DependSince the end-user' s requirement for the software is diverserelationship indicates that the achicvement of a goal depends onand in dynamic changes, studying the rules for the cooperationthe achievement of another goal; Exclude relationship indicatesbetween Goal and Process should be done immediately tothat it is impossible to achieve the two goals simultaneously;achieve the dynamic changes of Process and support the onEquil telaionship indicates that the two goals are the same indemand services of software. In the era of service computing,the semantics; Contribute relationship indicates that thethe industries have focused on whether thenetwoSofwrecanachievement of a goal can promote or hinder the achievenent ofmodification dynamically acordinganother goalFigure l shows the classes and therequirements to support on-demand services. A wcb servicerelationships between them in Goal model, also describes thecustomization model is constructed in Ref. [8]. in which webstructure of Goal model[5].service customization is achieved by the modeling of goaProcess Model is a metaclass that represents the structuredontology，rcusing of process components and defining ofactivities or tasks of a process, that is to say, a process modelprocess nexibility. How to use the domain model to check thcan be used to describe the decomposition of a process byerrors in the personalized requirements is shown in Ref. [9]. Iwhich consist ofis not only concemed about tbe functional goals but alsoProce中国煤化工:en them. Process _Received date: 201 109-28CNMH GFoundation icems: National Key Basic Research Progrm of China (973 progran) (No. 2007CB310801); Fundanental Research Fund for theCentral Universides, China (No. 201121 102020004)●Coresponadence should be adresedd t0 u Zhao, E-mail: lzatokyo@163. comJoumal of Donghua University(Eng. Ed.) Vol. 29, No. 1 (2012)33Modeling_ Language is used to specify the special modelingwill exccute in parallel, and it has spliType atribute which canlanguage used by a process model. Event represents thehave the values: “ AND"，"OR"，and “XOR". Join_occurrence or the state at a particular point in time. Event canDependency indicates that once all of the processes in the giventrigger Process before the execution of Process or be producedset is completcd, a related process will start, and it also hasby Process afer the execution of Process. Resource indicates thejoinType atribute which can have the values: " AND", "OR"，asset which is used, created or consumed during the executionand“ XOR "。Sequence_ Dependency represents that theof Process. Dependencynts the control constraintsprocesses execute in order. Loop. .Dependency means that oncebetween different processes in the process model, which consiststhe loopcondion is saisfied, some processes will executeof Split. Dependency, Join_ ,Dependency, Sequence. Dependencycircularly [s]. Figure 2 shows the classes and the relationshipsand Loop_ Dependency. Split_ Dependency indicates that once theberween them in Process model, and also describes the structureprecedence process is completed, one or more related processesof Process mode!:s].CComsruntOperallon1.1，C Role Goanh CGoalOtiecPersomal CoalUO↑LeeLOL +MannerEnanCoal T.pe| ! unctionni uoa_AndJFig 1 Coal modelreprcents___ 1-1 Process Modeling. Langiage ]resdmnde[Proces Model-ammotation[O.J:Ontolopy. AtomcSequeinceo.°.Splut DependencsDependeney |0- IeciheegC.o DepenkencyLoop_deoumpos▼Process ElemnenDepundenyDepcTencydecompsitimoro ●caior anton[0.-"]:Ontology_ rigredProcesriggor01 riyger▼rees consunuesPridyor上F.vemtceaedReourc -nn11n[1.0:Oolo0ytomnic ConstructFig. 2 Process modelis needed to analyze the Goal modification in time to support the2 The Cooperation between Goal andcooperation course between Goal and Process. We simplify andintegrate the patterm of Goal modification according to theProcessrelated work [9], at the same time construct the rules for thecooperation between. Goal and Process to support the dynamicThis section focuses on the analysis about Goal and Processevolution of Process model.of Role-Goal-rocess-Service ( RGPS ) requirementsThe pattermn of Goal modification is classified into fourmodel [10]. At first， we classify the patterm of Goalwithout considering the non-functional goals: add goal ( AG),odification. Secondly, due to the drive of Goal modification,and delete dependthe corresponding changes of Process are elaborated, and the(DD)中国煤化工chanes oe Posrules for the cooperation between Goal and Process aredirectl;specificd. At last, the Process modification is achieved and the2.1.1YHCNMHGpersonalized processes can be obtained.The goal must be located before AG. The locating of the2.1 The pattern of Goal modificationbasic goal ( the existing goal specified by human which is mostDue to the evolution of Goal model and Process model, it34Joumal of Donghua Unversity(Eng. Ed.) Vol. 29, No. 1 (2012)related to the goal added, if the basic goal can't be located, thesequence of the processes should be done. It is expressed in theal added as a top-level goal should be classified) is executedexccution order of the processes, which will change after addingaccording to decomposition in Goal model, thenwe add variousthe Sequence_. Dependency.goals to the basic goal. The operations to AG consist of acld2.2.4 DSDassociated goal (AAG) to basic goal and add sub-goal (ASG)It specifcs that the Sequence . Dependency between theto basic goal._existing processes is deleted according to DD. It is expressed in(1) AAGthe excution order of the processes, which will change afterIt indicates that the basic goal G depends on the goal G3,deleting the Sequence. ,Dependency.and the goal G3 with the Depend relationshnip from G to G3 isadded to the basic goal G according t如o the Depend relationship3 The Formalization of Rules for thebetween tbem. The goal G3 is the associated goal and it is in theCooperation between Goal andsame level as the basic goal G but it is different from originalgoals in the domain, the goal G3 is shown in Fg.3.Process(2) ASGThe Goal modifcations caused by the changes of user' sIt means that the goal G3 is the sub goal of the basic goalrequirements drive the coresponding changes of the ProccssG, and the goal G3 with And or 0r relationship are added to thedirectly. Refering to the relationships between Goal andbasic goal G according to the Decomposition relationship: And/0Process in RGPS requirements model, our work has a mapping2.1.2 DGfrom the Goal modification to the changes of Process, which hasbeen shown in Table 1. Then we conclude the cooperationsA goal is deleted in the context of Do considering the goalcan inherit multiple super goals. If the goal deleted depends onbetween Goal and Process connsist of four rulcs,and achievetheir fonnalization in SWRIthe related associaled goal, theo the asociaed goal should bedelcted at the same time. The sub-goals of the goal deleted andTabe1 The maping from Goal modifcation to此changes of Pocesthe relationships among them sbould also be deleted.GoalThe comresponding2.1.3 ADmodifcation modelmodelchanges of ProcessIt specifics that Depend relationship between the existinggoals is addedASG AndSpliti ,Dependency : ANDASP2.1.4 DDASGndJoin. Dependency : ANDASP .It specifes that Depend relationship between the existinggoals are deleted.orSplit Dependency: OR2.2 The corresponding changes of ProcessDrJoin_ ,Dependency : ORThe corresponding changes of Process, which is driven byAAGDependSequence- DependencyAAPthe pattem of Goal modification, are infemed according to theADSequence_ DependencyASDrelationshipsbetween Goal and Process of RGPSDDDSDrequirerments model. By the diret drive of Goal modfificatin,DGthe changes of Process consist of add process ( AP), deleteprocess (DP), add Sequence. Dependency ( ASD), and deleteSequence_ Dependency (DSD).3.1 The inference from AAG to AAP .2.2.1 APWhen drafing this rule, we locale the goal G to be theTo inmediately achieve the corresponding changes ofbasic goal. The goal G is decomposed into two 8aub-goals: G1Process in the drive of Goal modifcaion, the; operationg of AP出associated goal G3 and theane cassified into add associated process ( APP) to basic processDepend in the same level as G since the goal G depends on theand add sub-process (ASP) to basic process.goal G3. For the reasons that the basic goal relates to the basic(1) AAPprocess and the asociaed goal relates to the asocaled process,The process, which the basic goal relates to, is the basicthe course of AAG drives the course of AAP directy acordingprocss, as the same, the process which the associated goalto the relationships between Goal and Process. That is to say,nelates to is the associated process. Adding associated pocesstothe associated process P3 and the Sequence _ Dependencybasic process indicatesthat f the process P depends on thebetween them are added before the basic process P, and theassociated process P3，the process P3 and the Sequence.whole course is shown in Fig. 3.Dependency between them are added to the basic process P.Informally, the rule could be witten as:This is shown in Fg 3, and the associated process is difrentfrom the original processes in the domain.(2) ASP.It means that the sub-process is added to the basic processD-D-⑧by dstingusing the type of Split - Dependency and Join_Dependency between them. The sub-process added can executeAdd te asciatedin parallel with other sub-processes, and the related Split_proces P3 heftore. 、「Dependency or Join. ,Dependency should also be added.↓Basic goalGthe basic prucess P2.2.2 DPSequenceDeleting process is mapped t deleting goal. It mcans thatDependencyif the process deleted has the associated process, the associatedprocess and the relationships should also be deleted.中国煤化工g四22.3ASDMYHCNMHGThe Depend relationship between the existing goals hasbeen added in AD. According t it, adding the Sequence _Dependency between the processes and adjusting the execution聪3 The coperation between AAG ad AAPJoumal of Donghua Unversily(Eng. Ed.) Vol. 29, No. 1 (2012)35Goal(?g)^_ Procss (?p)^ relateTo (?g, ?p)→course is shown in Fig. 5.corespondWith(?g,?p)(1)Infomally, the rule could be witten as:crrespondWith(?g, ?p)A corespondWih (?g3,?p3)AExisingGoalsSet (?C) A ExistingProcessesSet ( ?P) 1depend(?g,? g3)MespondWish(?.?g3,?p3)M .oreapeadsiaiedGoa(?g,?g3) -adlsociateProces(?p,eleoal(?G, ?g3)→deProcss(?P, ?p3)A .?p3)\deleRelaionshipQf(?P,? p3)(7)addSequenceDependencyFrom(?p.? p3)(2)3.2 The inference from ASG to ASPPDThe goal G is assumed to be the basic goal, and the goal GHCDis decomposed into two sub-goals: Gl and G2, according toDecomposition: And / Or. Since the requirements have@@中changed, the sub-goal C3 of the goal G and the And or Orrclationship between them are added to the set of sub goals. Forthe reason that the sub-goal G3 relates to the sub-process P3,proctss and rlatonshit回the course of ASG drives the course of ASP directly according tothe relationships between Goal and Process.Thatisto say, by+the type of the Split_ Dependency and the Join, Dependency, we@AndOradd the sub-proccss P3 and the related Split_ Dependency andJoin _ Dependency to execute in parallel with other sub-Fig. 5 The cooperation berween DG and DPprocesses. Its course is shown in Fig. 4Informally, the rule could be written as:3.4 The inference from AD to ASDisSubGoal0f(? g1 ,? g) mustBelectedToAchie(?gl,?g)We assume that it is needed to add the Depend from Gl toG2 in the set of original goals. In the condition that thehasAndDecomporitionWih(?gl ,?g)(3)Decomposion relationship is And, the Depend from the goalisSubGoal0f(? gl ,? g)M probablyBeSelectedToAchicre(?gi,G1 to the goal G2 is added to drive the course of adding?g)Sequence . Dependency to the process Pl and adjusting thehasOrDecompositinWih(?gI,?g)(4execution order of the process P2; In the condition that theDecomposition relationship is Or, the Depend fromG1 to G2 iscorrespondWith(?g,?p)^ corespondWith(?g3,?p3)A .added to drive the course of adding Sequence_ .Dependency andisSubGoal0f(? g3,? g)Mthe process P2 in the P1 branch. The course is shown in Fig. 6hasndDecomositionWih(?g3, ?g)^ addSubGoal (?g,?g3)一addSubProces (?p, ?p3)A adsplitDpendeneyANDFromcorepondWith(? gl ,?pI )1 crepondWih(?g2,?p2)M(?p,? p3)M\isSubGoalO/(?gl ,? g)addJoinDependencyANDFrom(?p,? p3)(5)isuboalOf(? g2,? g)/ hasAndDecomosionWih(?g1,correpondWith(?g,?p)/ corespondWith (?g3,?p3)MhasAndDecompoionWih(? 82 ,? g)M addDpendTo(?gI,isubCoalf(?g3,?g)i”hasIrlDcompositionWith(? g3 ,? g) addSubGoal(? g,? g3)adSequenceDependencyFrom (?pI, ?p2)^ execueBefore(?p2,?pl)(8)adsSubPocss(? p,? p3)\ adSpliDependeng)ORFrom(?p, .?p3)McoespondWih(? g1 ,? pI ) crespondWih(?g2,?p2)MaddoinDependencyORFrom(?p.? p3) .(6)isSubGoalO(?g1 ,? g)MisubCoalOf(? g2,? g)A hasIrDconosiionWih (?gI,GDhaorDcomoisinWih(? g2,? g)M addDependTo(?g1,oHP)?g2)addSequenceDependencyFrom (pl,? p2 )dssociatedProcess(?pl ,?p2)n Add the sub-goo| C3tothe stior a grivcsMdd the subprocs P33.5 The inference from DD to DSDLJ_o-goals wil Andv V onersn p rses winlThe Depend from the goal Gl to the goa! G2 need to beQSpi Depenlency:ANDORdecleted. In the condition that the Decomposition reltionshiipisAnd, deleting the Depend from GI to G2 will drive the couseof deleting the Sequence_ Dependency between the process P1and the process P2 and adjusting the execution order of P2; Inthe condition that the Decomposition relationship is Or, deletingthe Depend from Gl to G2 will drive the course of deleting theSequence. Dependency and tbe process P2 in the PI branch. IsFig. 4 The cooperation between ASG and ASPcourse is shown in Fig. 6.3.3 The inference frorm DG to DPThe goal G is asumed to be deleted. When the goal G3 is中国煤化工dwih(?g2,?p2)Adeleted, the associated goal, the sub-goal and the relaionshipsisSubCTYHrelated to G3 should also be deleted. Since the goal G3 relates.CN M H moiniWih(?gi,to the process P3, the course of DG drives the course of DPdirectly. That is to say, the process P3，the associated procsseshasAndDecompositionWith (?g 2, ?g) A deleteDependToand the relationships related to P3 should be deleted, and the(?g1,?g2)→36Joumal of Donghua Universiy(Eng. Ed.) Vol. 29, No. 1 (2012)@And:OrIn he case u And goal中lhe case ofOr gpualSequence. Dxpendenc;Sepuence Ixpendencyemthe gonl G2,obdt 2E>> and adjust thend the proscess P2' proces P2Scnuyence_ DependeneyD-@h⑥0@@-0 Of DAn:OrSequenee. Dxpenkencyoplit. Dendency:Join. Dependcaney:m lhe case of Aud goudconmpositiono dcleeIn the Cast ofOr goal| BrentheoalG ES> Scquince Jeprndencydcoumpstion. doicleJand lhe goalC2and the pocoss P2-DGL0回Spli Dxreandency:Join Depensdeny: Split. Dependenry:Join. Dependency:g 6 The cooperation between AD and ASDReferencesdeleteSequenceDependencyFrom(?pl ,? p2)MexecuelnParallelWith(?p2 ,?p1)(10)[ 1 ] Alford M W. A Rcquirements Enginering Methodology for Real-Time Process Requirements[J]. IEEE Transactions on SofnwarecorrespondWith(? gI ,? pl n correspondWith(? g2 ,? p2)MEngineering, 1977, 3(1): 60-69.isSubGoalO(?gI ,? 8)M[2 ] van Lamsweerde A. Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering: aGuided Tour[C]. The 5th IEEE Intemational Symposium onisSubGoal0f(? g2 ,? g ) hasOrDecompositionWith(? gI,Requirements Engineering, Toronto, Canada, 2001 : 249-263.?g)M[3]jin z, Lo R Q Automatie Mulipandigm RequiremnenshasOrDecompositionWith (?g2, ?g)^ deleteDependToModeling and Analysis: an Approach Based on Ontology[J].(?8I,? 82) -Science in China: Series E, 2003, 33(4): 297-312. ( indeleteSequenceDependencyFrom(? pI ,? p2)delessciaerocess(?pI ,?p2)(11)[4] GrissM L, Favaro 1, d' Assandro M. Ineraing FeaueModeling with the RSEB [C]. The 15th International Conferenceon Software Rcuse, Baltimore, USA, 1998;: 76-85.4 Conclusions5] Wang 1. Rsearch on Rquirements Meta-Modeling Franewurkand Key Techniques of Nerworked Softwace[D]. Wuhan; WuhanThe rules for the coopcration between Goal and Process are[6]Universty,2008. ，e[ EB/OL]. ( 2005-04-11) [2011.Sermantic Web Rule Language[proposed and their formalization based on Goal model and08-10]. http://en. wikipedia. ong/ wiki/Semantic - Wcb - Rule -Process model is achieved, Firstly, we simplifty and integrateSWRL: a Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL andthe personalized operations of users, conclude the pattems ofRuleML[EB/OL]. (2004-05-21) [20111. hp:/www.0809]. htp://ww.Goal modification which fit for the software engineers.Secondly, the corresponding changes of Process are specified[8] CaoJ, ZhangSS, LiML. A Goal Diven and Process Reuseaccording to the relationships between Gioal and Process. AtBased Web Sarvice Customization Model[J]. Chinese Joumal ofCompuers, 2005. 28(4): 721 -730. ( in Chineselast, we ilustratc the rules for the cooperation between Goal and[9] ChenHF, HeK Q. A Mcthod for Servicc-Oriented PersonalizdProcess and achieve the formalization in SWRL. This paperRequirements Analysis[ J]. Joumal of Sofnware Engineering andcould provide some support for the dynamic evolution of ProcessApplications, 2011 4(1); 59-68.model. It could be used in the cooperation between Process and[10] WangJ, He KQ, Gong P, er al. RGPS: a Unified RequirementsService, and provides reasoning support for the modification ofMeta-Modeling Frame for Networked Softwarc [ C]. Procodingof ICSE2008-WAAPF, Germany, 2008 : 29-35.Process model based on ontology. .The future work consists of the dynamic evolution of[11] Sun z x, Wang J, He K Q. et al. A Model TransfomationMcthod in Service-Oriented Domain Modeling[ C]. The 21st .Process model and the cooperation between Process andAustralasian Sofware Engineering Conference ( ASWEC 2010) ,Service, etc.Auckland, Ncw Zcaland, 2010: 107-116. .中国煤化工MYHCNMHG