We discuss the analysis of data from πN elastic scattering and single pion photo- and electropro-duction. The main focus is a study of low-lying non-strange baryon resonances. Here we concentrate on some difficulties associated with resonance identification, in particular the Roper and higher P_(11) states....
This paper is to make a comparison on Chinese and English sounds under contrastive analysis with the consideration of that Chinese teachers of English would be better able to foresee their students' difficulty and consequently be better able to do their teaching plan in practice....
This paper probes into the relationship among individual benefits, benefits of the country, common benefits of all humans in land use and land resource security. The following balanced land use model is proposed: the harmonious and interactive relationship between man and nature, two main bodies of land ecological system, constitutes the mechanism of land resources security. The feedback relationship between man and nature is the basis for the land resources security and the core is the relationship among people established for the benefit equilibrium in land use. The conflicts, in land use stem from the rarity of land resource and the solution to those conflicts in harmony helps land resource security....
Although helical and twisted reinforcement has been used to reinforce concrete for more than two decades,its rationale still remains unclear.With a brief review of current researches on the helical and twisted reinforcement properties,this paper describes some new phenomenon of the helical and twisted reinforcement in concrete and other matrix by experimental studies,and then discusses on mechanism of helical effect of strengthening.This paper also discusses the mechanism of accessional helical effect of strengthening and its significance in industrial practice.Extensive tests indicate that twisting is the most effective way to improve reinforcement mechanical properties.The main results are:(1)They can greatly enhance bond anchorage in base material.In some pull-out tests,the pull-out resistance increases with reinforcement slip within the specimens,which results not only in a higher pull-out load but also a larger slip up to 70%-80% of reinforcement embedded length.(2)Concrete reinforced by twisted bars demonstrates certain ductility at failure.(3)The bond strength depends on the pitch space directly.(4)The twisted effect on material strengthening is from a three-dimensional interlocking force which is formed from material untwisting when they were pulled out from base specimens....
The unitary isobar model MAID2007 has been used to analyze the recent data of pion electroproduction. The model contains all four-star resonances in the region below W = 2 GeV and both single-Q~2 and Q~2 dependent transition form factors could be obtained for the Delta, Roper, D_(13)(1520), S_(11) (1535), S_(31) (1620), S_(11)(1650), D_(15)(1675), F_(15)(1680) and P_(13)(1720). From the complete world data base, including also π~- data on the neutron, also Q~2 dependent neutron form factors are obtained. For all transition form factors we also give convenient numerical parameterizations that can be used in other reactions. Furthermore, we show how the transition form factors can be used to obtain empirical transverse charge densities and our first results are given for the Roper, the S_(11) and D_(13) resonances....
The sonnet is a kind of lyrics with restrict forms which cannot depart from the contents. Shakespeare's sonnets are like a valuable flower blossoming in the England poetry garden during the age of Renaissance and a bright pearl sparkling in the world's poetry treasury. This paper will analyze his sonnets from the perspective of the structure and then interpret the meanings behind those words, which can demonstrate the importance of the connection between the forms and the contents....
Objective: To explore the features, treatment outcomes and reasons for misdiagnosis in patients with multiple trauma, so as to decrease the incidence of misdiagnosis.Methods: A total of 3 163 patients with multiple trauma who were admitted in our department from August 1997 to August 2008, were retrospectively studied to compare the features of diagnosis and treatment. There were 2 117 males (66.93%) and 1 046 females (33.07%) with the mean age of 36.46 years (range, 14-80 years). Parameters such as general status, traumatic condition, diagnosis and treatment situation, prognosis and mortality were analyzed. The differences between misdiagnosis group and correct diagnosis group were compared in terms of severity of injury, complications and treatment outcomes to elucidate the cause and prevention of misdiagnosis.Results: The misdiagnosis rate of multiple trauma in this study was 16.19%. The major anatomic sites misdiagnosed were limbs and pelvis (299 positions, 39.50%), abdominal region and pelvic organ (148 positions, 19.55%),and thoracic region (109 positions, 14.40%). In misdiagnosis group, ISS, length of hospital stay, rates of disturbance of consciousness, critical cases and shock cases were 33.78± 19.64, (23.59±7.26) days, 49.22%, 33.01% and 47.46%,respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the correct diagnosis group (P＜0.01). And the data showed that the more serious the injury was, the higher the rate of misdiagnosis would be. The rate of primary diagnosis by trauma surgeons in correct diagnosis group was 75.78%, significantly higher than that of the misdiagnosis group ( x2=382.01,P＜0.01). The mortality rate of the mi sdiagnosis group was 2.93%, which was significantly higher than that for all patients ( x2=5.22, P＜0.05).Conclusions: The results indicated that patients with severe multiple trauma are at high risk of misdiagnosis in early treatment. The mortality rate of misdiagnosed patients is higher than the correctly-diagnosed patients. To prevent misdiagnosis, physicians need to take great care to conduct thorough clinical examinations and repeated evaluation....
The code of ethics and standards of professional conduct are important and necessary, for it provides standards for pro-fessional’s daily dealing. It forbids conflicts of interest minimizing problems;it enhances public trust;and it lifts up high moral and ethical standards. Maintaining independence and objectivity in daily activities and following the code provide a fine basis of ethi-cal judgments....
With regard to the beginning of the Korean War, a lot of discussion has long been raised. The origin of the war has remained a little complicated. World War II divided the country into two parts, each envisioned head of a unified Korea. U.S. and the Soviet Union's intervention in both sides enhanced the conflict. The intervening of People's Republic of China served the final factor. This paper intends to analyze the possible reasons of starting of the war....
The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step-feeding biological nitrogen removal process were investigated under different influent substrate concentrations and aeration flow rates.Biological occurrence of simultaneous nitrification and denitrifieation was verified in the aspect of nitrogen mass balance and alkalinity.The experimental results also showed that there was a distinct linear relationship between simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and DO concentration under the conditions of low and high aeration flow rate.In each experimental run the floe sizes of activated sludge were also measured and the results showed that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification could occur with very small size of floc....
Due to the importance of detecting the matte grade in the copper flash smelting process, the mechanism model was established according to the multi-phase and multi-component mathematic model. Meanwhile this procedure was a complicated production process with characteristics of large time delay, nonlinearity and so on. A fuzzy neural network model was set up through a great deal of production data. Besides a novel constrained gradient descent algorithm used to update the parameters was put forward to improve the parameters learning efficiency. Ultimately the self-adaptive combination technology was adopted to paralleled integrate two models in order to obtain the prediction model of the matte grade. Industrial data validation shows that the intelligently integrated model is more precise than a single model. It can not only predict the matte grade exactly but also provide optimal control of the copper flash smelting process with potent guidance....
3-D velocity and temperature fields of mold filling and solidification processes of large-sized castings were calculated, and the efficiency and accuracy of numerical calculation were studied. The mold filling and solidification processes of large-sized stainless steel, iron and aluminum alloy castings were simulated by using of new scheme; their casting processes were optimized, and then applied to produce castings....
A slender and flat shaft is a key part of the track recorder in marine vessels. However, the axial straightness of the shaft often exceeds standard measurements after it is machined. It has also been found that its precision does not last a long time. After thorough analysis of these problems the main reasons that affect machining quality are identified-and a process modification plan is put forward that meets design requirements of the shaft. The production and practice indicate that the precision of the shaft is stable for a long period and the quality of products improved substantially after new measures were employed, securing the e accuracy of the track recording of the marine vessel....
Al electrodes are well known as ohmic contact electrodes for the PTC component , the influence of their thickness on final component properties was investigated by comparing their ohmic characteristics with the ones of InGa electrodes . After observing the Al paste physical and chemical behaviors during rising temperature by thermal analysis (DTA), the firing operation of Al electrodes could be divided into three main subsections: the temperature rising time (tr), the peak firing temperature (Tp) and the hold time at peak firing temperature (th). The effects of these three parameters on final component properties were discussed in detail....
In order to study the mechanism of vacuum fluxless soldering on the conditions of laser heating, the method of measuring temperature by the thermocouple is used to analyze the spreading and wetting process of boh fluxless SnPb solder in the vacuum surroundings and flux SnPb solder on Cu pad. Solder spreading and wetting affected by the soldering thermal process is also discussed according to the thermodynamics principle. Results show that vacuum fluxless soldering demands higher temperature, and the fall of the solder su
rface tension is the important factor achieving fluxless laser soldering....
With the development of science and technology,the culture of translation still is multiplied continuously.However.how can you translate a good target text quickly and accurately?We should master transhtion skills and seep basic steps in translating.As the matter of fact,translation is expressed language actives through using a language to another language exchanged with the accuracy and integrity of thinking.Some call it an art,and yet some others take it as a career.but no matter what the purpose is,the process oftranslation has its certain steps.A translator will have to understand the source text fust.and then conduct her/his translation and then,proofread the source text.In addition,translation standard,which is Faithfulness,Expressiveness,Elegance,phy an important role in the translation process.A brief analysis of the problems mentioned above is made....
An anaerobic expanding-bed reactor was adopted to investigate the feasibility of an innovative inte-grated process of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification (SDD) for high strength wastewater. In the re-actor, beterotrophic bacteria (including sulfate reducing bacterium and denitrifying bacteria) and autotrophic bacteria (including Thiobacillus denitrificans) cooperated together by incubating and enriching functional bac-teria on different carriers in the anaerobic activated sludge. Synthetic wastewater with high concentrations of sul-fate and nitrate was employed. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of sulfate and nitrate was above 85%, elemental sulfur was observed while nitrate was absent in effluent. The balance of sulfur, ni-trogen and electron was discussed respectively, which indicated that the integrated SDD process could be actual-ized. These results might provide a guidance to further investigate the key factors affecting the integrated SDD process and to improve the efficiency of desulfurization and denitrification in wastewater treatment....
Two mathematical models are built to study the effects of the fluid flow on thermal distributions of the gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW) process. One model is based on the heat conductivity equation, which doesn' t take the effects of the fluid flow into account, and the other couples the laminar heat transfer and fluid flow in the weld pool, which is called laminar fluid flow model in short. The simulated results of the two models show that the pattern and velocity of the fluid flow play a critical role in determining the thermal distribution and the weld pool shape. For the laminar fluid flow model, its highest temperature is 400 K lower than that calculated with the other model and the depth of its weld pool is shallower too, which is mainly caused by the main vortex of the flow in the weld pool....
Anomaly detection and recognition are of prime importance in process industries. Faults are usually rare, and, therefore, predicting them is difficult. In this paper, a new greedy initialization method for the K-means algorithm is proposed to improve traditional K-means clustering techniques. The new initialization method tries to choose suitable initial points, which are well separated and have the potential to form high-quality clusters. Based on the clustering result of historical disqualification product data in manufacturing process which generated by the Improved-K-means algorithm, a prediction model which is used to detect and recognize the abnormal trend of the quality problems is constructed. This simple and robust alarm-system architecture for predicting incoming faults realizes the transition of quality problems from diagnosis afterward to prevention beforehand indeed. In the end, the alarm model was applied for prediction and avoidance of gear-wheel assembly faults at a gear-plant....
High total dissolved solids(TDS)content is one of the most important pollution contributors in lakes in arid and semiarid areas.Ulansuhai Lake,located in Urad Qianqi,Inner Mongolia,China,was selected as the object of study.Temperatures and TDS contents of both ice and under-ice water were collected together with corresponding ice thickness.TDS profiles were drawn to show the distribution of TDS and to describe TDS migration.The results showed that about 80％(that is 3.602x108 kg)of TDS migrated from ice to water during the whole growth period of ice.Within ice layer,TDS migration only occurred during initial ice-on period,and then perished.The TDS in ice decreased with increasing ice thickness,following a negative exponential-like trend.Within under-ice water,the TDS migrated from ice-water interface to the entire water column under the effect of concentration gradient until the water TDS content was uniform.In winter,6.044x 107 kg(16.78％ of total TDS)TDS migrated from water to sediment,which indicated that winter is the best time for dredging sediment.The migration effect gives rise to TDS concentration in under-ice water and sediment that is likely to affect ecosystem and water quality of the Yellow River.The trend of transfer flux of ice-water and water-sediment interfaces is similar to that of ice growth rate,which reveals that ice growth rate is one of the determinants of TDS migration.The process and mechanism of TDS migration can be referenced by research on other lakes with similar TDS content in cold and arid areas....
The question existed in the displacement of platinum and palladium from Au reduced solution was analyzed. The process optimization scheme was put forward and adopted to practice and has achieved a good result....
The computer aided process planning will certainly play a significant role in the success of enterprise informationization. 3-dimensional design will promote Tri-dimensional process planning. This article analysis nowadays situation and problems of assembly process planning, gives a 3-dimensional computer aided process planning system (3D-VAPP), and researches on the product information extraction, assembly sequence and path planning in visual interactive assembly process design, dynamic emulation of assembly and process verification, assembly animation outputs and automatic exploding view generation, interactive craft filling and craft knowledge management, etc. It also gives a multi-layer collision detect and multi-perspective automatic camera switching algorithm. Experiments were done to validate the feasibility of such technology and algorithm, which established the foundation of tri-dimensional computer aided process planning....
Brittle failure of rocks is a classical rock mechanical problem.Rock failure not only involves initiation and propagation of single crack,but also is associated with initiation,propagation and coalescence of many cracks.The rock failure process analysis (RFPA) tool has been proposed since 1995.The heterogeneity of rocks at a mesoscopic level is considered by assuming that the material properties follow the Weibull distribution.Elastic damage mechanics is used for describing the constitutive law of the meso-level element.The finite element method (FEM) is employed as the basic stress analysis tool.The maximum tensile strain criterion and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion are utilized as the damage threshold.In order to solve the stability problem related to rock engineering structures,fundamental principles of strength reduction method (SRM) and gravity increase method (GIM) are integrated into the RFPA.And the acoustic emission (AE) event rate is employed as the criterion for rock engineering failure.The prominent feature of the RFPA-SRM and RFPA-GIM for stability analysis of rock engineering is that the factor of safety can be obtained without any presumption for the shape and location of the failure surface.In this paper,several geotechnical engineering applications that use the RFPA method to analyze their stability are presented to provide some references for relevant researches.The principles of the RFPA method in engineering are introduced firstly,and then the stability analysis of tunnel,slope and dam is focused on.The results indicate that the RFPA method is capable of capturing the mechanism of rock engineering stability and has the potential for application in a larger range of geo-engineering....
The world-famous Three Gorges Project （TGP） is the largest hydropower station in the world and the largest water resources and hydropower project constructed in China. The impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir reached the design water level of 175 m for the first time on October 26, 2010, which indicated that the project had met design requirements of various functionalities of flood control, power generation and navigation. To complete the project it took nearly 100 years for conception, demonstration, design and construction of the TGP. How was the conception of TGP proposed？ What kind of role should it be？ What were the different opinions？ How was the project demonstrated？ What was the conclusion of demonstration？ Those are the issues that many people care and don＇ t know about. To memorize the realization of the century dream of Chinese people and to record the history of development of TGP, the author pres- ents a compendious introduction to the project....
To meet the end-user ' s dynamically changed requirements for software and achieve the on-demand changes of operational process in time,based on the Goal model and the Process model,the user' s personalized operations of the related work were simplified and integrated,and rules for the cooperation between Goal and Process which fit for software engineers were proposed and formalized.The user' s personalized operations of the related work were analyzed to conclude the pattern of Goal modification.By the direct drive of Goal modification,the corresponding changes of Process were induced and specified.Then rules for the cooperation between Goal and Process were concluded and the formalization was achieved in Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL).In this paper,reasoning support was provided for the model modification based on ontology and the dynamic evolution of Process model....
