Adsorption and oxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) on Pt(100) electrode were studied by in situ time- resolved FTIRS (TRFTIRS). The TRFTIR spectra recorded at 0.10 V illustrate that an IR band appears near 2050 cm-1 at t > 5 s, corresponding to linearly bonded CO formed in dissociative adsorption of EG. The TRFTIR results have confirmed also that CO species are distributed uniformly on Pt(100) surface. Another band appears near 2342 cm-1 at t > 70 s, associating with IR absorption of CO2 produced in the direct oxidation of EG. With the increase of electrode potential, the direct oxidation of EG becomes gradually the main reaction. When the potential is above 0.40 V, the oxidation of EG occurs mainly via the reactive intermediates, i.e. species containing -COOH determined by in situ TRFTIRS....
Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol 4000 (Forlax(R)) on adult patients with functional constipation due to posttraumatic confinement to bed.Methods: A total of 201 posttraumatic bedridden patients were studied in this prospective,open-labeled, singlegroup study. Polyethylene glycol 4000 was administered orally for 14 days and the dosage was adjusted according to the Bristol stool types. Demographic characteristics, disease status, treatment period and factors affecting clinical outcome, especially the concomitant medications, were recorded.Results:After administration of polyethylene glycol 4000, 194 cases (96.52%) showed remission of constipation,including 153 (76.12%)persistent remission. The average defecation frequency increased significantly after treatment and the percentage of patients with stools of normal types (Bristol types 3-5) increased as well. Genders, ages and concomitant medications showed no significant influence on the persistent remission rate. After consecutive treatment for two weeks, patients with slight movement showed a significantly higher remission rate than those without movement (95% vs 80%). At the end of treatment, most accompanying symptoms were relieved obviously. Patients with a medical history of constipation or ever taking laxatives showed a lower remission rate. Sixty cases (29.85%) developed diarrhea during the observational period, among whom 6 (10%) withdrew from the clinical observation voluntarily at the first onset of diarrhea. Two cases suffered from abdominal pain.Conclusions:Polyethylene glycol 4000 (Forlax(R)) has efficacy on functional constipation in posttraumatic bedridden patients. Furthermore, patients with milder symptoms,more movement in bed, and longer duration of treatment but without accompanying symptoms can achieve a higher remission rate....
The kinetics of the oxidation of glycol by dihydroxyditelluratoargentate (Ⅲ) complex(DDA) was studied in alkaline medium with spectrophotometry(in a temperature range of 16.6-40 ℃).The first-order rates with respect to glycol and Ag(Ⅲ) were all found.The rates increased with the increase in [OH-] and decreased with the increase in [TeO2-4].No effect was found with the addition of KNO3 and no free radical was detected.In view of this,the dihydroxymonotelluratoargentate(Ⅲ) species(DMA) is assumed to be the active species.A plausible mechanism involving a two-electron transfer is proposed,and the rate equation derived from the mechanism can explain all experimental observations.Activation parameters of the rate-determining step and constants are evaluated....
The two-step Sonogashira coupling reaction took place rapidly under microwave activation conditions. PEG bound substrates acted as PTC and polymer support as well. Its yields are 80~90% and the products are in high purity....
Affective filter hypothesis is one of Krashen's five hypotheses on Second Language Acquisition (SLA),and it states that a number of affective variables play a very important role in Second Language Acquisition.Based on the introduction of affective filter hypothesis,this paper will analyze the significance and shortcomings of this hypothesis....
An elasto-plastic impact model based on the p-version finite element method is presented for the collision protection of ocean and offshore structures. The impact force and responses of the impactor-absorber-structure system can be predicted efficiently and automatically. A cost-effective Cellular Reinforced Concrete Absorber (CRCA) is designed to smooth the impact force and absorb the impact energy. Quasi-static tests show that the concrete absorber has an excellent energy absorbing characteristic. The impact experiment of a scaled offshore oil-piping frame with the proposed concrete absorber is carried out. The simulation results of the elasto-plastic model and the p-version finite element method are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Owing to the plastic deformation of the absorber, the impact force during the impact and responses of the structure are considerably reduced. Further, the proposed impact model and the concrete absorber are applied to the design of collision protection of the sheet-pile groin on the Qiantang River used to weaken the famous Qiantang bore....
The objective of this study is to get into physical insights to the unsteady force and the relevant mechanisms in forward flight of insects. Unsteady force in the forward flight was studied, based on a virtual model problem of a foil with oscillating translation and rotation in a uniform flow, by solving the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with a finite element method. The effects of typical parameters, including the advance ratio, the inclined angle of stroke plane, the stroke amplitude, and the amplitude of pitching angle of attack, on the forces and the flow structures were analyzed....
An equipment maintenance system is naturally a complex dynamical system. The effective maintenance management must be based on the knowledge of the system's intrinsic dynamics. And the structure of the maintenance system determines its behavior. This paper analyzes the basic structures and elements of a maintenance system for complex multi-components equipment. The maintenance system is considered as a dynamic system whose behavior is influenced by its structure's feedback and interaction, and the system's available resources. Building the dynamical model with Simulink, we show some results about the maintenance system's nonlinear dynamics, which are never given by stochastic process methods. The model can be used for understanding and determining maintenance system behavior, towards which operational adjustments of maintenance infrastructure, precise prediction of maintenance requirements and timely supply of maintenance resources can be made in a more informed way....
Farinograph dough stability time is an important index for classifying wheat, and it often indicates the most appropriate end use for the wheat cultivars. This study aimed at the problem of large fluctuations in dough stability time that occurs during the commercial wheat production. The variations in the dough stability time and its consistency across locations and years were analyzed using 12 principal high-quality wheat cultivars (varieties) obtained from Shandong Province,China, which were grown at nine different locations for three successive years. The results showed that the coefficient of variation for the dough stability time ranged from 24.29 to 49.60% across different varieties, locations, and years. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis indicated that there were significant interactions for the dough stability time between the varieties, the growth locations, and the years. The genotype effect was the most noticeable, followed by the interaction of the genotype and the environment. The environmental effect was the least significant. The interactions between the varieties and the locations differ considerably, however, each cultivar (variety) apparently has a specific adaptability to the growth location. Therefore, for the successful commercial scale production of the high-quality wheat varieties, both the selection of proper cultivars and its most suitable growth locations to meet the desired requirements for the dough mixing stability time are important....
A new method for MEMS dynamics analysis is presented, ased on the similarity theory. With this method, two systems' similarities can be captured in terms of physics quantities/governed-equations amongst different energy fields, and then the unknown dynamic characteristics of one of the systems can be analyzed ac-cording to the similar ones of the other system. The probability to establish a pair of similar systems among MEMS and other energy systems is also discussed based on the equivalent between mechanics and electrics, and then the feasibility of applying this method is proven by an example, in which the squeezed damping force in MEMS and the current of its equivalent circuit established by this method are compared....
Sons snd Lovers is a famous autobiographical novel written by D.H.Lawrence.Based on Freudian theory of Oedipus complex,this thesis discusses Paul Morel's Oedipus complex through the description of his love towards his mother,Miriam and Clara,so as to dig out the reasons for Paul's Oedipus complex....
The positions of braiding carrier in track and column braiding are represented by a diagrammatic braiding plan and a corresponding lattice-array is defined. A set is then formed so that the permutation analysis can be performed to represent the movement of carriers in a braiding process. The process of 4-step braiding is analyzed as an example to describe the application of the proposed method by expressing a braiding cycle as a product of disjoint cycles. As a result, a mapping relation between the disjoint cycles and the movement of carriers is deduced. Following the same analysis principles, a process of 8-step braiding and the corresponding initial state of the lattice-array is developed. A successful permutation analysis to the process manifests the general suitability of the proposed method....
We discuss the analysis of data from πN elastic scattering and single pion photo- and electropro-duction. The main focus is a study of low-lying non-strange baryon resonances. Here we concentrate on some difficulties associated with resonance identification, in particular the Roper and higher P_(11) states....
This paper is to make a comparison on Chinese and English sounds under contrastive analysis with the consideration of that Chinese teachers of English would be better able to foresee their students' difficulty and consequently be better able to do their teaching plan in practice....
This paper probes into the relationship among individual benefits, benefits of the country, common benefits of all humans in land use and land resource security. The following balanced land use model is proposed: the harmonious and interactive relationship between man and nature, two main bodies of land ecological system, constitutes the mechanism of land resources security. The feedback relationship between man and nature is the basis for the land resources security and the core is the relationship among people established for the benefit equilibrium in land use. The conflicts, in land use stem from the rarity of land resource and the solution to those conflicts in harmony helps land resource security....
Although helical and twisted reinforcement has been used to reinforce concrete for more than two decades,its rationale still remains unclear.With a brief review of current researches on the helical and twisted reinforcement properties,this paper describes some new phenomenon of the helical and twisted reinforcement in concrete and other matrix by experimental studies,and then discusses on mechanism of helical effect of strengthening.This paper also discusses the mechanism of accessional helical effect of strengthening and its significance in industrial practice.Extensive tests indicate that twisting is the most effective way to improve reinforcement mechanical properties.The main results are:(1)They can greatly enhance bond anchorage in base material.In some pull-out tests,the pull-out resistance increases with reinforcement slip within the specimens,which results not only in a higher pull-out load but also a larger slip up to 70%-80% of reinforcement embedded length.(2)Concrete reinforced by twisted bars demonstrates certain ductility at failure.(3)The bond strength depends on the pitch space directly.(4)The twisted effect on material strengthening is from a three-dimensional interlocking force which is formed from material untwisting when they were pulled out from base specimens....
The unitary isobar model MAID2007 has been used to analyze the recent data of pion electroproduction. The model contains all four-star resonances in the region below W = 2 GeV and both single-Q~2 and Q~2 dependent transition form factors could be obtained for the Delta, Roper, D_(13)(1520), S_(11) (1535), S_(31) (1620), S_(11)(1650), D_(15)(1675), F_(15)(1680) and P_(13)(1720). From the complete world data base, including also π~- data on the neutron, also Q~2 dependent neutron form factors are obtained. For all transition form factors we also give convenient numerical parameterizations that can be used in other reactions. Furthermore, we show how the transition form factors can be used to obtain empirical transverse charge densities and our first results are given for the Roper, the S_(11) and D_(13) resonances....
The sonnet is a kind of lyrics with restrict forms which cannot depart from the contents. Shakespeare's sonnets are like a valuable flower blossoming in the England poetry garden during the age of Renaissance and a bright pearl sparkling in the world's poetry treasury. This paper will analyze his sonnets from the perspective of the structure and then interpret the meanings behind those words, which can demonstrate the importance of the connection between the forms and the contents....
Objective: To explore the features, treatment outcomes and reasons for misdiagnosis in patients with multiple trauma, so as to decrease the incidence of misdiagnosis.Methods: A total of 3 163 patients with multiple trauma who were admitted in our department from August 1997 to August 2008, were retrospectively studied to compare the features of diagnosis and treatment. There were 2 117 males (66.93%) and 1 046 females (33.07%) with the mean age of 36.46 years (range, 14-80 years). Parameters such as general status, traumatic condition, diagnosis and treatment situation, prognosis and mortality were analyzed. The differences between misdiagnosis group and correct diagnosis group were compared in terms of severity of injury, complications and treatment outcomes to elucidate the cause and prevention of misdiagnosis.Results: The misdiagnosis rate of multiple trauma in this study was 16.19%. The major anatomic sites misdiagnosed were limbs and pelvis (299 positions, 39.50%), abdominal region and pelvic organ (148 positions, 19.55%),and thoracic region (109 positions, 14.40%). In misdiagnosis group, ISS, length of hospital stay, rates of disturbance of consciousness, critical cases and shock cases were 33.78± 19.64, (23.59±7.26) days, 49.22%, 33.01% and 47.46%,respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the correct diagnosis group (P＜0.01). And the data showed that the more serious the injury was, the higher the rate of misdiagnosis would be. The rate of primary diagnosis by trauma surgeons in correct diagnosis group was 75.78%, significantly higher than that of the misdiagnosis group ( x2=382.01,P＜0.01). The mortality rate of the mi sdiagnosis group was 2.93%, which was significantly higher than that for all patients ( x2=5.22, P＜0.05).Conclusions: The results indicated that patients with severe multiple trauma are at high risk of misdiagnosis in early treatment. The mortality rate of misdiagnosed patients is higher than the correctly-diagnosed patients. To prevent misdiagnosis, physicians need to take great care to conduct thorough clinical examinations and repeated evaluation....
The code of ethics and standards of professional conduct are important and necessary, for it provides standards for pro-fessional’s daily dealing. It forbids conflicts of interest minimizing problems;it enhances public trust;and it lifts up high moral and ethical standards. Maintaining independence and objectivity in daily activities and following the code provide a fine basis of ethi-cal judgments....
With regard to the beginning of the Korean War, a lot of discussion has long been raised. The origin of the war has remained a little complicated. World War II divided the country into two parts, each envisioned head of a unified Korea. U.S. and the Soviet Union's intervention in both sides enhanced the conflict. The intervening of People's Republic of China served the final factor. This paper intends to analyze the possible reasons of starting of the war....
Due to the importance of detecting the matte grade in the copper flash smelting process, the mechanism model was established according to the multi-phase and multi-component mathematic model. Meanwhile this procedure was a complicated production process with characteristics of large time delay, nonlinearity and so on. A fuzzy neural network model was set up through a great deal of production data. Besides a novel constrained gradient descent algorithm used to update the parameters was put forward to improve the parameters learning efficiency. Ultimately the self-adaptive combination technology was adopted to paralleled integrate two models in order to obtain the prediction model of the matte grade. Industrial data validation shows that the intelligently integrated model is more precise than a single model. It can not only predict the matte grade exactly but also provide optimal control of the copper flash smelting process with potent guidance....
A slender and flat shaft is a key part of the track recorder in marine vessels. However, the axial straightness of the shaft often exceeds standard measurements after it is machined. It has also been found that its precision does not last a long time. After thorough analysis of these problems the main reasons that affect machining quality are identified-and a process modification plan is put forward that meets design requirements of the shaft. The production and practice indicate that the precision of the shaft is stable for a long period and the quality of products improved substantially after new measures were employed, securing the e accuracy of the track recording of the marine vessel....
