A Brief Analysis of Illocutionary Acts A Brief Analysis of Illocutionary Acts

A Brief Analysis of Illocutionary Acts

  • 期刊名字:东京文学
  • 文件大小:169kb
  • 论文作者:王晔
  • 作者单位:山西师范大学外国语学院
  • 更新时间:2020-11-22
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论文简介

A Brief Analysis of llocutionary Acts王晔(山西师范大学外国语学院,山西临汾041000)Abstract: llocutionary acts, introduced by John L. Austin in investigation of the multiple meanings in a speech act, belong to pragmaticsin linguistis. It is using a sentence to perform a function, it is the act of exprssing the speaker's intention and the act performed by or resulingfrom saying somnething, In this paper, 1 will go more cdloser to ilocutionary acts and have a better understanding of it.Key Words: llocutionary acts; speech act; meaning1. IntroductionIllocutionary act is a term in lingustics introduced by John 一 and elements make up an ilocutionary act.LAustin in investigation of the muliple meanings in a speech act.According to the conception adopted by Bach and Harnish inAcording to Austin's original expositin in How to Do Things With. 'Linguistie Communication and Speech Acts', an ilultionay act is anWords, an ilcuionary act is an act () for the performance of which 1 atempt to communicate, which they analyze as the expression of anmust make it clear to some other person that the act is performed and atitude.(2) the performance of which involves the production of what Austincalls‘conventional consequences'.Several speech act theorists, including Austin himself, make use2. Two Branches of Meaning Semantics and Pragmaticsof the notion of an ilocutionary force. In Austin's original account, theIn lnguistics, when concerming meaning, two fields are often. notion remains rather unclear. Some fllowerss of Austin, such as Davidrelated: one is semantics and the other is pragmatics.Holderoft, view ilocutionary force as the property of an utterance to beSemantics is the branch of linguistics which stands at the very made with the intention to perform a certain ilcuionary act一rathercenter of the linguistie quest to understand the nature of language and than as the successful performance of the act.human language ability.However, Bach and Hanish assume ilcutionary force just inHowever, there are many other instances in which the literal case this or that ilcutionary act is actually (uccsfully) performed.meaning of the utterance is far away from the intended meaning of the According to this conception, the addressee must have heard andspeaker and that the hearer can almost always work out what the understood that the speaker intends to make a bet with them in orderspeaker intends to convey. Pragmatics studies how the transmission of for the utterance to have‘iloeutionary force' . If we adopt the notionmeaning depends not only on the linguistic knowledge of the speaker of ilocutionary force as an aspect of meaning, then it appears that theand listener, but also on the context of the uterance, knowledge about (intended)‘' force’ of certain sentences, or uterancese, are not quitethe status of those involved, the inferred intent of the speaker, and s0 obvious.n.4.3 Commitment Between Mlocutionary Acts3. Speech Act TheoryCommitment between ilocutionary acts is a condition in whichAlthough there are several hundred speech acts such as”the speaker's commitment to one ilocutionary act necessarily meanspromising, requesting, and reposting, there appear to be four major the commitment to some other ilocutionary act, regardless of theatitudes which can be expressed by the speaker:For example: The performance of an act ofa) Belief: Speaker expresses belief that proposition is true.demanding commits one to an act of requesting; The commitment to ab) Desire: Speaker expresses a desire concening the action promise commitsone to an act of asserting that one is not saying onespecified in the proposition.does not promise: The commitment to a conjunctive ilocutionary actcommits the speaker to each of the elementary ilocutionary actscommitment associated with the action specified in the propasition.contained within it.d) Evaluation: Speaker expresses a personal evaluation towards4.4 The Form and Function of the llocutionary Actsome past action.4.4.1 Form4. Ilocutionary ActsThe basic form of informational ilcutionary acts has threeThe concept of an ilocutinary act is central to the concept of acomponents: the nominator, the predictor, and the situationalspeech act. Although there are numerous opinions as to how to define'complement. Directive ilcutionary actsdirect commands'llocutionary acts', there are some kinds of acts which are widely expressed grammatically, i e., by the imperative, have only theacepted as ilocutionary, as for example promising, ordering someone,predicative component extended by the addressee (by a phaticand bequeathing.illocutionary act). Cogitative ilcutionary acts have two components. In4.1 Historical Study- What Is llocutionary Actsthe first one, theMany define the term "llocutionary act" with reference to substantive/pron中国煤化工;involves a verb + aexamples, saying for example that any speech act (like stating, asking, conjunction + th:YHCNMHGcommanding, promising, and so on) is an ilocutionary act. This4.4.2 Function(下转309页下)务业套京文学2012. 03向世界传递出壮语民歌的意蕴,在英译时也要充分考虑到译本出发,从与世界文化交流的角度出发,都不应固守某一种翻译的押韵问题。如策略,应当是将归化和异化融合起来,兼容并蓄,以实际出发妈啊妈,来选择适当的翻译策略。窗下梳着白头发,从《壮族民间故事选壮汉英对照读本》这本书来看,该书妈妈慈和妈妈好,就没有简单地将翻译策略归结为“归化”或是“异化”。首我来住在妈妈家。先,该书的阅读对象是中国学生,特别是壮族学生。其次,编Mother Liu oh Mother Liu,译该书的目的是着眼于使学生们理解、接受、记得英语。阅读Combing your silver hair by the window, Mother you’re kind对象上的差异使得英译中不能完全地采用“归化”策略,编译Moher you' re gentle,目的又导致了英译中不能完全地“异化”。因此,该书的英译1 wish to live in Mother' s home. ( P109 )策略就是一种由于阅读对象和编译目的而产生的全新翻译策这首壮族民歌读起来琅琅上口,句子的一、二、四句押略: 既要保证英译壮族故事的完整性、准确性,又要保证学生韵,在翻译时就要尽量地保持这种音韵上的起伏变化。译者在在接受的过程中不会遇到很大的阻碍 、提高学生的英语能力。此处尽力将结尾的英文词语押同一韵,使英译本有了很强的音也许,按照传统的“归化”和“异化”标准来看,这种新的英乐性。第-句“妈啊妈”采用重复来体现壮族民歌的口语化特译方法是一种“归化”中的“异化”、“异化” 中的“归点,相应地,其译文也被译为“Mother Liu oh MotherLiu”,既化”忠实于原文,又将口语化特点贯彻到了英译之中。基于上述的需要,在选择归化与异化翻译策略时,译者需值得指出的是,在翻译民歌时,为了解决押韵问题,该书要掌握- 一个适 当的度,既不可太靠近读者,淡化源语文化;也译者还采用了一些独到的方法,如:不可太靠近作者,使目标语读者产生困惑。要针对民间文学的山歌越唱心越开,文化背景、源语文本、作者意图、翻译目的、读者接受水平来泉水越舀越有来;灵活运用着两种翻译策略,以实现不同文化间的交流与融合。不信你看刘三姐,四、结语唱歌得坐鲤鱼岩。上述分析可见,民间文学英译是中华文化和优良传统得以The more we sing mountain songs the happier are we,弘扬的-一个重要手段,我国译者要将更多更好的中华民族民间The more spring water we take the more it pours;文学介绍给世界,也要将世界各国优秀的民间文学引人我国,If you don' t believe me then look at Liu Sanjie,同各国译者-同将民间文学英译这一事业发扬光大。She sings splendidly and she sits on Carp Rock forevermore.(P128 )基金项目:广西民族大学文学院研究生科研创新项目这段民歌第-句如果按照正常的英语句法来看,文中的“are we"应该是"we are"。但是译者为什么要这样用呢?这[参考文献I里运用了一种英译诗歌的处理方法一-诗的破格( petic出版社,201[]金丽,蒙元耀.壮族民间故事选壮汉荚对照读本[M].南宁:广西人民licence) 。写诗或者行文时,为了保证句式押韵和表达流畅,[2] 汪榕培.比较与翻译[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1997.而采用的违反语法常规的译法。[3] 王宏印.中国文化典籍英译[M].北京:外语赦学与研究出版社, 2009.三民间文学英译策略的分析[4]卓振英,李贵苍.壮族典籍荚译的新纪元一-试论 《麼经布洛陀》英谈到民间文学英译策略就不得不提到“归化”与“异化”译研究D.广西民族研究, 208.(4).[5]黄中习.中国典籍英译事业:机遇与挑战0].银川:宁夏社会科学,的问题。简单地说,“归化” 是使源语文化接近目标语文化,2008.6.尽量消除二者差异的一种译法。而“异化”则是保留原文的异6]霍跃红.典籍英译:意义、主体和策略0]I. 大连:外语与外语教学,域性,使二者存在差异,进而通过这种差异达到丰富目标语文205.19.化的目的的一-种译法。那么在民间文学英译时,究竟是该靠近作者还是该靠近读刘蕊(1982- -),女辽宁锦州人,广西民族大学文学院比较文学与世[作者简介I者呢?尽管归化和异化策略在形式上看相互排斥的,但是在实界文学专业硕士研究生在读,主要研究方向:中西比较文学。际应用中,从跨文化的角度出发,从弘扬我国传统文化的角度The functon of the iormational ilcuinany act is to provide particular illutionarny force, whereby the speaker, aserts, suggests,information, the function of the cogitative ilocutionary act is to demands, promises, or vows.introduce new ilocutionary acts and express ones atitude toward them,llocutionary acts is very important in the meaning leaming ofthe function of the directive ilocutionay act is to require thelanguage, in linguistics and most importantly in our daily life. Itsaction/reaction of the addressce.intended meaning is though profound and complex but lively and5. Conclusioninteresting. So, as a linguistics major, only do we mariage the concept,In summary, An ilocutionary act is a complete speech act, madeprinciples and中国煤化工have a bter andin a typical utterance, that consists of the delivery of the propositional deeper compreh:MYHC N M H Gurther a btter graspcontent of the utterance (including references and a predicate), and aof pragmatics and linguistics.(上接310页)2012. 03东京文学| 309

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