On the Analysis of Discourse and its Application

科技信息人文社科On the Analysis of Discourse and its Application郑州航空工业管理学院常晓华[Abstract)This paper frsdly gives a brief inuoduction about the discourse analysis and is importance, and then focuses on the analysis of anscientifc aricle by use of the problem-solution pattern and lexica sgalling, A lbst, the analysis is applied to the language teaching in readingand writing which asures its importance.[Key words]discoune analyis problem- soluion patrem1. Brief introduction about discourse analysis and methods ofs, elipsis and subetiution etc, which ould be found in this article lo or-analysisganize and develop it.“'It' 昌argued that meaning i conveyed not by singlesentences but by complex exchanges, in which the participants' beliefs anand sentence is very important for a language leamer. Besides that, the anal-yais of discounse is also necsary. The search for larger long units and strue-and the situation in which they interacet, play a erucial part." (Crystal, P116).tures has beenen pursued by scholars from many disciplines. Each sentence inacomplete discourses has a function in the discourse a a whole, eiher in itselfor as part of a larger unit. Just 8 Michael Hoey has stated in his book On theMI. The application of the analysis of the discourseApplied linguistirs is a mediator between the linguists and teachers. Un-larger machine. It in the task of discourse anlaysis to find out how the machinetil reeently, dscoures analysis has been the Cinderella of linguisuitics, snen aworks." (Hoey, PI). Therfore, to leam some methods of the analysis of dis-irrelevant to all the most important thermtical problerms of the discipline. Butcourse is helpful in our language learming and teaching,its important position could not be ignorred. It is in the domain of the appliedMichael Hoey in his book has founded a basis for the study of discourseorgunization and offered some methods. He thoughi that discourse work shouldthe teaching of reading and writing, Now that we have leamed some theories ofconcem itself with the identifcation of signals of pattems of organization etc.analysis, I will apply my analysis to the teaching.Here, I only briely introduce one of the important organization pattems inMy analysis is centered around Problem-solution pattemn. By use of thediscouse analysis: problem- solution pattem and its lexical signals in order tolexical signals, its organization patterm can be found and the author's realmeaning can be conveyed. So the analysis is necessary and helpful in the lanN. The analysis of the articleguage teaching. Esperially in reading and writing . That is, the analysis mightThis artcle is a scientific esay about the test- tube baby. The author is forbe used to help develop materials for the teaching of reading and writingprofessor Robert Winston about test- -tube babies and his achievement andTherefore the mastery of the knowledge of texst linguistics and discourse analy- -thinks that Winston ' s work is“now an everydaypart of medecine and that hassis is very necessary.been proges". The main idea of the article is about Winston's contributionThere are two apprmaches of language teaching bottom- up approach and"test-tube baby" which can produce some problems in spite of its advantages.top-down approach, The former means the leaching bregins with the explana-The author adopts a justifed view about the test and encourage the people totion of the smaller linguistic units such as morpheme or word. The lter indi-believe in science.cates a procedure or model by which the treaching is conducted from a linguis-In this article, there are seven paragraphs and forty-five aentencen.Here,tie unit to a smaller unit. According to the analysis of this article. we ran adoptI will take the whole aticle into consideration so a to tell its macroorganiza-the top-down approach in our leaching of reading, Just like this aricle abouttion, for the discourses are not built out of sentences on a brick-by-brick ha-test-tube baby, we must have some background knowledge about it, othewisesis. According to my analysis, the problem- solution paltemn is mainly appliedit would be difrult to understand. So the teacher must be aware of it.in it The reasons are a fllows:Also in this analysis of this article, atention has paid to the cohesive tie(1) Analysis of situationof the sentence. For example, in Bentence5' "This week he takes us to theSentences 1-8* s function can be identified 晒that of situation by theboundary of his knowledge' , the word boundary appears but has no explana-means of lexical signaling in this article. Sentences 1-7 introduce the hack-tion. Then in sentence 8 "Here is the critical boundary.--”。the word boundaryground knowledge about professor Robert Winston, and then the wordis repeated and explained. By this, the reader can understand the article bet-"boundary" is repeated. In the sentence8，“This" is s a pronoun a lexicalter, therefore, the teacher should remind the studenta of thone lexical wordssignal which is ued to signal aituation mentioned above.(key words) and the conjunctions between sentences in the teaching of reading,(2) Analyais of problemwhich can help develop the materials well.W hen reading the materials, espe-Sentences 11-19 can be identifed a constituting the pmoblem. Thcially the scientific article, the students usually come acroess many new wordsgrounds for this analysis is the use of lexican signal and subordination/con-and the: topic is unfamliar to them, at the first glance, they feel confused andjuncta etc. At finst, in sentencea 11 and 14, the conjunrt but“i used, and al-bewildered.Also, our analysin macrooganizatiom i like a line which guides wgo through the whole article.problems arising in this siruation.I. Conclusion3) Analysis of responseRoughly speaking. discouse analysis refers to ttempts to study the or-Sentences 20- -23 comprise the main function of the reaponse within theganisation of language above the sentence or above the clause, and therefore todiscourse. We can use the methodanalysin lexical signaling to elieit the re-studv larger lineuistic units. euch 品conversational exchanges or witten texts.udy,a lanruae eamer tonossesthe knowledeeoftext linaniaicsandsponse. The phrase“dicourne anlvaisievenvesential. With the helpofanalysisnethodsandsponse to a problemn.(4) Analysis of rsulvevaluationnpattems, the language tearher can also conduect their Leaching more fftctivelyand negative evoluation.“Only a positive evaluation of a Response will sati-inportance could 't be ignored. The scientife analysie can act幽a guide forpractical use.Referencestion both appear in this article. When a Responwr in negatively evaluated, an-[1 ]Crystal, David. 2002. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Languge.-ch Pres. Cambridge Uni-ation of the Response but also a new problem.versity中国煤化工Coherence and cohesion are twn main important elements in the dis-icoure. London: Allen andcourse analysis. We have leamned that the coherence is the relationships whichUnwinYHCNMHGlink the meanings of uterances in a discpurse or of the sentence ina text. Thisnwe, veonge.' 2AAI. 1ne suay or Language. Bejjng Foreignarticle ig coherent because it is a series of sentences and paragraphs that de-Language Teaching and Research Press. Cambridge Universiry Press.velop a main idea, the opinion about the test- -tube baby. There are several de-[4 ]刘辰诞.2004.教学篇章语言学上海外语教育出版社,vice to link sentences togther such as lexical oheion, rerence, conjunc-一94-