JB/T 9719-2010 轮式工程机械 转向系统 术语

ICS 53.100P 97备案号: 28464- -2010B中华人民共和国机械行业标准JB/T 9719- -2010代替JB/T 9719- -1999轮式工程机械转向系统术语Wheeled construction machinery- Steering system- Terminology2010-02-11发布2010-07-01实施中华人民共和国工业和信息化部发布JB/T9719- 2010 !目次前言II1范围3组成零部件.中文索引英文索引1JB/T9719- 2010轮式工程机械转向系统术语1范围本标准规定了轮式土方机械转向系统的分类、组成零部件、参数及特性的术语。本标准适用于轮式土方机械转向系统。2分类2.1转向系统steering system从转向操纵元件到接地轮胎之间所有参与机器转向的零部件组成的系统。2.1.1机械转向系统manual steering system完全依靠司机本身的力量转向的转向系统。2.1.2动力转向系统powered steering system依靠一个或几个动力源进行转向的系统。注:动力转向系统是若没有转向动力则需要≥1155 N的人力才能转向的系统。2.1.2.1液压助力转向系统hydraulic boosting steering system借助液压能提供的动力来操纵的转向系统。2.1.2.2全液压转向系统fully hydraulic steering system完全靠液压油压力操纵的转向系统。全液压转向系统可分为:a)常流式液压转向系统constant flow hydraulic steering systemb)常压式液压转向系统constant pressure bydraulic steering system负荷传感式转向系统load sensing steering system3组成零部件3.1转向操纵元件steering control element为使机器按需要转向，司机的操纵力直接施加给的转向系统中的装置，包括转向盘或其他任何相当的装置。转向传动轴steering inner articulated shaft转向柱steering columnc)转向盘(方向盘) steering wheel3.2手动转向器manual steering gear把转向盘的转动变为转向摇臂的摆动，并按- -定传动比放大扭矩的机构。JB/T 9719- -20103.2.1循环球式转向器recirculating ball steering gear具有螺杆钢球_螺母传动副的转向器。3.2.1.1循环球齿条齿扇式转向器recirculating bll-rack and sector seering gear具有齿条、齿扇传动副的循环球式转向器。3.2.1.2循环球-曲柄销式转向器recirculating bal-lever and peg steering gear具有曲柄销-销座传动副的循环球式转向器。3.3动力转向器power steering gear借助于动力来减轻司机操纵力的装置。3.3.1整体式动力转向器integral power steering gear转向控制阀、转向作用缸、机械转向器组合为一一个整体的转向器。3.3.2半整体式动力转向器semi-integral power seering gear转向控制阀和机械转向器组合为一个整体的转向器。3.3.3全液压转向器fully hydraulic steering gear完全靠压力油来操纵转向，并且在发动机熄火后还能实现人力转向作用的转向器。3.3.3.1常压式液压转向器constant pressure hydraulic steering gear转向控制阀在中间位置常闭，工作系统压力保持不变的液压转向器。3.3.3.2常流式液压转向器constant flow hydraulic steering gear转向控制阀在中间位置常开，工作系统流量保持不变的液压转向器。3.3.3.3负荷传感转向器load sensing steering gear由负荷传感油泵和优先阀提供的流量和压力能够与负载要求相匹配的转向器。3.3.4转向控制阀steering control valve用来改变转向器中动力传递路线的阀。3.3.4.1滑阀式转向控制阀spool valve type滑阀相对于阀体做直线移动的转向控制阀。a) 阀体valve housingb) 滑阀spool valve3.3.4.2转阀式转向控制阀rotary valve type阀芯相对于阀体转动的转向控制阀。a)阀芯 valve spool)) 阀套valve bush2、JB/T 9719- -2010c)转阀 rotary valve3.3.5转向作用缸power steering cylinder借助于液压能提供的动力起转向加力作用的执行元件。3.3.6转向泵power steering pump转向中用来将机械能转变为液压能的液压元件。3.3.7转向油箱steering oil tank转向中用来储存、滤清、冷却液压油的容器。3.3.8单路稳定分流阀oneway stable dividing valve用来使供给转向器的流量恒定的阀。3.4转向传动机构steering linkage把转向器输出的力和运动传给转向节的机构。3.4.1转向摇臂steering swing arm3.4.2转向直拉杆steering drag link3.4.3转向节臂steering kmuckde arm, steering arm3.4.4梯形机构使左右转向轮按- -定关系做偏转 运动的执行机构。3.4.4.1整体式梯形机构integral ackerman steering linkage转向横拉杆是整体的梯形机构。a) 梯形臂tie rod armb) 转向横拉杆steeriag tie rod连接左、右梯形臂并传递力和运动的杆件。c) 接头jointd) 横拉杆tie rod3.4.4.2 .分段式梯形机构divided ackerman steering linkage转向横拉杆是分段的梯形机构。a) 摇臂swing arm4参数4.1转向系统角传动比steering system angle ratio转向盘转角的增量与同侧转向节转角的相应增量之比。3JB/T 9719- -20104.1.1转向器角传动比steering gear angle ratio转向盘转角的增量与摇臂轴转角的相应增量之比。4.1.2转向传动机构角传动比steering linkage angle ratio摇臂轴转角的增量与同侧转向节转角的相应增量之比。4.2转向器传动效率steering gear eficiency转向器输出功率与输入功率之比。4.2.1正效率forward fficiency摇臂轴输出功率与转向轴输入功率之比。4.2.2逆效率reverse fficiency转向传动轴输出功率与摇臂轴输入功率之比。4.3转向系统刚度steering system rigidity转向节固定，转向盘输入的力矩增量与其产生的角位移增量之比。4.4转向器扭转刚度torsional rigidity of seering gear摇臂轴固定，转向器输入的力矩增量与其产生的角位移增量之比。4.5转向盘总圈数total number of steering wheel turns车辆上转向盘从一个极端位置转到另一极端位置时所转过的圈数。转向器总圈数total turos of steering gear转向器的转向轴从-一个极端位置转到另--极端位置时所转过的圈数。4.7转向盘自由行程free play of steeriog wbeel转向轮在直线行驶位置时，转向盘与转向轮的相对空转角度。4.8转向器传动间隙steering gear clearance转向器各传动副之间的传动间隙之和。4.9摇臂轴最大转角maximum rotating angle of swing arm shaft与转向器总圈数相对应的摇臂轴转角。4.10转向摇臂最大摆角maximum swing angle of steering swing arm车辆上与转向盘总圈数相对应的转向摇臂摆角。4.11转向器传动力矩rotating torque of steering gear摇臂轴空载时，使转向轴转动的力矩。4JB/T9719- 2010转向器角传动比与转向轴转角之间的关系。5.2转向器传动间隙特性clearance cbaracteristic of seering gear转向器传动间隙与转向轴转角之间的关系。5.3转向器传动效率特性efficiency characteristic of steering gear转向器传动效率与转向轴转角之间的关系。5.4转向力特性steering force characteristic在机械转向系统中，摇臂轴输出扭矩与转向轴输入扭矩之间的关系;在动力转向系统中，在额定工况下，系统压力与转向轴的输入扭矩之间的关系。动力转向系统灵敏度特性power seering system response cbaracteristic在转向油泵流量为定值时，系统压力与转向盘转角之间的关系。5.6转向控制阀压力降特性steering control valve pressure losses characteristic转向控制阀的压力降与液压泵流量之间的关系。5.7转向控制阀灵敏度特性steering control valve response characteristic转向控制阀的出口压力与其位移之间的关系。JB/T 9719- -2010中文索引Bx半整体式动力转...............限制流量......................循环球-齿条齿扇式转向..........常流式液压转向器循环球_曲柄销式转向器常流式液压转向系............2.2..循环球式转向器......常压式液压转向................Y常压式液压转向系统.2.1.2.2b)D摇臂轴最大转角.单路稳定.流....................液压助力转向.................动力转向器.....................Z整体式动力转向器动力转向系统灵敏度特性..............整体式梯形机.......E正效率........................额定工作压........转阀....4..F转阀式转向控制阀.....3.3.42阀体.......1.转向操纵元.....................3.3.4.2a)转向传动机构........分段式梯形机..................4.转向传动机构角传动......负荷传感式转向.系............2..转向传动.......................负荷传感转向..........3转向节臂3.4.3转向控制.....................滑阀...3.3.4.1b1)转向控制阀灵敏度特...............滑阀式转向控制....转向控制阀内泄漏量.....J转向控制阀全开。........4.2.2.接.....................4.1..转向控制阀压力...................机械转向.系....................转向控制阀压力降特................转向控制阀预开隙理论流量..4.19转向力......N转向力特性....................转向盘(方向盘).3.1c)Q转向盘自由行程.全液压转向器...................全液压转向系.................转向器传动间際....................转向器传动间隙特性................手动转向器..3..转向器传动力矩..........1T转向器传动效率.....................转向器传动效率特性...............梯形机构.......................转向器反驱动力矩................7JB/T9719- -2010 .转向器角传动比.转向器角传动比特性... . . ......... 转向摇臂最大摆角转向器扭转刚度转向液压泵理论排量.*4.10转向直拉杆.3.3.7转向系统.......*.4.转向阻力矩转向........444转向系统角传动比...3转向作用缸..*3.1b)转向摇臂.......最大工作压..............*4.4168JB/T 9719- 2010英文索引APackerman steering lng..............power steering ...................angle ratio characteristic of steering ........power steering system response characteritic-.5.5Cpower steering pump+3.3.6clearance characteristic of steering ........power steering e.l...............constant flow hydraulic steering ........powered steering s.swe................constant flow hydraulic steering system.2.1 .2.2a)pre-opened play of steering control v.e....4.44constant pressure hydraulic steering g.e......3.3.1pressure losses in steering control valv.....4.4constant pressure hydraulic steering system..........................2..rated working p5...................Drecirculating ball-rack and sector steeringdivided ackerman steering .*g.........gearErecirculating ball-lever and peg steeringefficiency characteristic of steering g.......3.2.1.2recirculating ball steering gearforward ficiency....2.reverse e.n.e....................free play of steering e...............reverse rotating torque of steering a.....-.1.fully hydraulic steering gear... ●.....rotary valve.......4.fully hydraulic steering system.*2.1.2.2rotary valve type"Hrotating torque of steering .............1.hydraulic boosting steering syswe.........Ssemi-integral power steeringintegral ackerman steering kn.g.........spool .-....................1.integral power steering ..............3.3.spool valve w....................intemal leakage in steering control v.......steering .u..........steering control element-.......steering control v.e................3.Lsteering control valve response caracter.+t......limited flow.*steering control valve pressure lossesload sensing steering syse..........2...load sensing steering ................steering drag .in....................Msteering force xacc..............manual steering gearsteering gear clearance.-4.8manua! steering system....steering gear e..................maximum rotating angle of swing arm sh....*..9steering gear angle .*..............*....maximum swing angle of steering swing arm**4.10steering gear max.output t..u............maximum working pressuresteering inner articulated shaf--0steering knuckle arm, steering ..........one-way stable dividing v...............steering .n.....................9JB/T 9719- -2010steering linkage angle ...........steering oil .....................3.theoretical w......................4...theoretical displacement of p.............steering system.....tie rod.:3.4.4.1d)steering system angle rt.....tie rod arm..-3.4.4.1a)steering system .*..................torsional rigidity of steering .............4steering tie .................4..total number of steering wheel t...........steering trgu......total tums of steering gearsteering w......................toallly- opened play of steering control valve .4.22steering swing ...................4..swing ............-..4.4.valve bush-...4.2.valve housing....3.4.1..valve ......................10