氯胺酮与乙醇对小鼠海马PKA-CREB 信号通路的影响

南通大学学报(医学版)Journal of Nantong University (Medical Sciences) 2013: 33(4)283氯胺酮与乙醇对小鼠海马PKA-CREB信号通路的影响杨美玉13,丁飞2,蒋小岗3,顾振纶3,卞士中1(苏州大学医学部法医学系,苏州215123;2上海市公安局宝山分局刑事科学研究所;3苏州中药研究所)摘要]目的:研究氯胺酮与乙醇对小鼠海马ⅣKA-CREB信号通路的影响,探讨氯胺酮与乙醇致学习记忆障碍的分子学机制。方法:40只ICR小鼠随机分为4组:对照组、氯胺酮组、乙醇组、氯胺酮乙醇合用组,每组10只。氯胺酮和乙醇分别采取腹腔注射和灌胃的给药方式,1次,连续14d。通过RT-PCR检测海马中c-AMP反应单元结合蛋白(c- AMP response element binding protein,CREB)、蛋白激酶A( protein kinase A,PA)及腺苷酸环化酶( adenylate cyclase,AC)mRNA的表达; Western blot检测 pCREB/CREB的蛋白表达。结果:RT-PCR检测结果:氯胺酮乙醇合用组可显著降低海马区CREB、PKA及 AC mrNA的表达(P<0.05), Western Blot检测显示 PCREB/CREB的蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:氯胺酮与乙醇可协同抑制小鼠的学习记忆行为,其机制可能与大脑海马区CREB信号通路相关[关键词]氯胺酮;乙醇;学习记忆;环磷酸腺苷反应结合蛋白;小鼠[中图分类号]R971[文献标志码]A[文章编号]1674-7887(2013)04-0283-05Effects of ketamine on ethanol-induced learning and memory impairment in miceYANG Meiyu., DING Fei JIANG Xiaogang, GU Zhenlun, BIA N Shizhong(Department of Forensic MedicineMedical College oflow University, Institute of Forensic Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123; Institute ofCriminal Sciences, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai Public Security Bureau; Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica[Abstract] Objective: To study the effects of ketamine and ethanol on PKA-CREB pathway of hippocampus -dependentlearning and memory in mice and its possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 40 male mice were divided into 4 groups: anormal control group, a ketamine group, an ethanol group and an ethanol plus ketamine group. Ketamine and ethanol wererespectively taken by intraperitoneal injection and oral administration, once per day, for 14 d. The expressions of CreBPKA and AC gene in hippocampus were detected by RT-PCR. The expressions of pCrEB/CREB were detected by WesterBlot. Results: After the combined treatment with ketamin and ethanol. creb. pKa and ac mrnA were down regulated byRT-PCR(P<0.05), and pCREB/CREB were down regulated by Western Blot(P<0.05 ). Conclusion: The data indicatethat combination of ketamine and ethanol is synergic in the inhibition of learning and memory in mice, its mechanism maybe related to the CReB signal transduction pathway[Key words] ketamine; ethanol; learning and memory C-AMP-response element binding protein; mouse氯胺酮是N-甲基-D-天(门)冬氨酸(N- methyl-入细胞核磷酸化CREB,然后激活IGs(C-fos)等,其D- aspartate,NMDA受体的非特异性阻断剂,其作激活产物进一步编码LTP所需要的蛋白质。用机制复杂。日前研究认为,麻醉剂量的氯胺酮本研究以小鼠为实验对象,观察氯胺酮与酒精可通过阻断NMDA受体抑制学习记忆,该受体对神联合给药对小鼠学习记忆的影响。采用RT-PCR技经元突触长时程增强(ong- -term potentiation,TP)的术检测小鼠海马中CREB、PKA及腺甘酸环化酶产生、维持和学习记忆功能至关重要。adenylate cyclase, AC)mRNA的表达; Western blot令A环磷腺 cyclin adenosine monophosphate, C-AMP))检测 pCREB/CREB的蛋白表达情况,以探讨氯胺酮应元件结合蛋白(e- AMP response element bindi与乙醇对小鼠学习记忆行为学影响的分子机制protein,CREB)是一种依赖c-AMP的转录因子,可将细胞内的c-AMP的量的变化转录为基因表达的1材料与方法形式。CREB在记忆的形成过程中发挥了及其重要1.1实验动物ICR小鼠40只,雄性,体质量25~的作用,其过程可能是:神经递质等作用神经元细30g苏州大学实验动物中心提供。实验前小鼠适应胞,导致胞质内c-AMP浓度升高,使蛋白激酶A性饲养3d,维中国煤化仝实验过程中protein kinase A,PKA)激活,PKA的催化亚单位进小鼠自由饮水CNMHG*[作者简介]杨美玉,女,汉族,生于1984年3月,山东省济宁市人,硕土在读,研究方向:法医毒理病理学*[通信作者]卞士中,电话:0512-67580893,E- mail hanshizhong@ suda. edu. en284南通大学学报(医学版)2013:33(4)1.2主要试剂及仪器盐酸氯胺酮注射液(国药准表2内参和目的基因扩增条件字H32022820,批号:KH071004,2ml0.1g)购自江基因扩增条件苏恒瑞医药公司;56%v红星二锅头酒购自北京红 GAPDH94℃4min94℃30s-55℃3072℃星股份有限公司;PCR扩增试剂盒(批号:DRRO0Almin→72℃10min+4℃抗体(抗10购p兔抗小鼠CREB米W多购自 TaKara公司;RNA逆转录引物:由上海生物工94℃5min+94℃1min→57℃30s72℃程有限公司合成;兔抗鼠 phospho-CREB-1(Ser13345s-+72℃10min+4℃94℃4min+94℃30s→57℃30s-72℃(30 cycleslmin→+72℃10min+4℃942min→94℃30s→55℃45s72℃actin(1:1000购自 Santa cruze;所用抗鼠和抗兔荧45s-+72℃7min-+4℃光二抗均为 Odyssey公司产品5 Western blot1.3模型制备与给药40只小鼠随机分成4组,分1.5.蛋白样品制备取液氮内冻存的小鼠海马组别为正常对照组,氯胺酮组,乙醇组,联合给药组,每织约30mg,加入组织裂解液05mL,超声匀浆后于组10只。给药方式:对照组以生理盐水腹腔注射+生4℃,12000r/min离心10min,吸取上清,分装,另理盐水灌胃,乙醇组以生理盐水腹腔注射+乙醇灌外留少许待测蛋白溶液(于-40℃冷藏。胃,氯胺酮组以氯胺酮腹腔注射+生理盐水灌胃,联1.5:2BCA试剂盒检测蛋白浓度(1)蛋白标准曲合给药组以氯胺酮腹腔注射←乙醇灌胃。生理盐水、线绘制取标准蛋白液,用PBS梯度稀释成4、8、12、氯胺酮溶液(50mgkg)腹腔注射1次ld,连续14d;生16、20、24μgμL蛋白溶液,每组40μ。取BCA试理盐水、乙醇红星二锅头稀释至20%v)灌胃1次,剂盒A液和B液按50:1配成工作液。稀释后的标连续14d。各组小鼠每日9:00给药。准蛋白液与BCA工作液按1:8混合均匀后,37℃水1.4PCR检测浴30min,于酶标仪上测定OD值,每组设3复孔14.1总RNA提取取液氮内冻存的小鼠海马组由OD值,绘制蛋白标准曲线;(2)待测蛋白浓度的测织约30mg,加人 Trizol试剂0.5m,按说明书进行定取待测蛋白液每组10μL。将待测蛋白液与BCARNA提取,所用RNA的D3D2均在1.8-2.0。工作液按1:8混匀后,37℃水浴30min,于酶标仪上1.4.2模板cDNA合成提取的总RNA逆转录合测其OD值,每组设3复孔。根据OD值,于蛋白标成cDNA。准曲线上计算相关蛋白浓度。根据蛋白浓度测定值,1.4.3 RT-PCR调整样本上样量,使各组蛋白量为60μg,按4:1与14.3.1内参和目的基因的引物序列及产物长度5× Loading buffer混匀,水浴100℃变性5min后见表1。冰浴备用。14.32内参和目的基因扩增条件均为25μL1.5.3SDS-PAGE电泳先将实验用玻片洗净,再反应体系,应用 GAPDH作为参照。内参和目的基用无水乙醇脱脂,晾干后组装制胶板。配12%的分离因扩增条件见表2。PCR产物用1.5%琼脂糖凝胶胶,注入制胶板中,加适量无水乙醇封闭。待胶凝固进行电泳,结束后于全自动凝胶成像分析系统进倒去乙醇,用蒸馏水清洗3次。配制浓缩胶,两端交行灰度扫描。以 GAPDH扩增产物校正作光密度相替加入制胶板,插入梳子后放置约1h待胶凝固后对分析。使用。安装电泳装置,上样品,进行电泳,浓缩胶时设表1内参和目的基因的引物序列及产物长度置电压90V,染料条带至分离胶时电压设置至基因引物110V,染料接近分离胶底部,停止电泳。F5'-CCGGAACATGGACCTCTACTAC-31.54转膜将丙烯酰胺凝胶从玻璃板上剥离,置R5'-ATAGGTGGGAGGAGATGGACTT-3入转移缓冲液中,将海绵、滤纸、凝胶、NC膜、滤纸、F5'-GGAGAGCGTGAAAGAGTTCCTA-3海绵按顺序叠加,用玻璃棒小心赶走气泡,放置于转(339 bp) R5 -CCAGCTACATACTCCATGACCA移电泳槽中恒流400mA,转移120min。转膜后CREBF5 -AGTATGCACAGACCACTGATGG-3用1×TBST洗中国煤化工(392 bp) R5 -TCCACCGTAACAGGAGAGAACT-3155封闭10min,然后GAPDH5 -GCCATCAACGACCCCTTCATT-3将膜浸于5%胱CNMHG5'-CGCCTGCTTCACCACCTTCTT-31.5.6抗体孵育封闭结束后再用1 XTBST洗膜3杨美玉,等氯胺酮与乙醇对小鼠海马PKA-CREB信号通路的影响次,每次10min。将NC膜放入小塑料袋内,加人5%的降低用统计学意义(P<0.05,图2)。提示:氯胺酮脱脂牛奶按比例稀释后的一抗,2mL膜。去除袋内饮酒、氯胺酮+饮酒联合给药均可下调 pCREB气泡,用封膜机封口,置于摇床上室温孵育3h过CREB蛋白表达,且联合用药组 PCREB/CREB降低夜。取膜,用1×TBST洗涤3次,每次10min后,用更明显。5%脱脂牛奶按1:10000的比例稀释的二抗封闭,置对照组乙醇氯胺酮氯胺酮+乙醇于摇床上,室温避光孵育1h。取膜,用1×TBST在暗REB-42 k盒中洗涤3次,每次10min。CReB-42k1.5.7显影近红外双色激光成像系统显影。42 ku1.6图像处理及数据分析RT-PCR, Western blot图像扫描后均采用 SigmaScan pro5软件系统分析,图2氯胺酮与乙醇对小鼠海马CREB, PCREB蛋白表达的实验数据以x±s表示。显著性检验采用 One way影响ANOVA,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。3讨论2结果CREB是碱性氨基酸亮氨酸(Leu拉链转录因子2.1RT-PCR检测结果在连续给药14d,小鼠海家族,受细胞内多条信号通路的调节,与生长抑素马组织RT-PCR检测结果分别以PKA、AC、CREB基因的cAMP反应元件( cAMP response element,CRE)与内参基因 GAPDH的密度比值表示组织中PKA、有高度亲和力。CREB家族在结构上具有DNA结AC、 CREB mRNA的相对表达强度。实验结果表明,合结构域和转录激活结构域,因而具有DNA结合活与正常对照组相比,饮酒、氯胺酮、氯胺酮+饮酒联合性和转录调节活性。但只有当Ser133被PKA、蛋白给药可诱导小鼠海马组织中的PKA、AC、CREB激酶 C(protein kinase C,PKC或钙/钙调蛋白激酶(Ca2mRNA表达下调均P<0.05)。与单用药组相比,联合 calmodulin- dependent protein kinase,Ca2CaMK)等磷给药组小鼠海马组织RKA、AC、 CREB mrNA表达酸化后才能启动转录,磷酸化的CREB形成二聚体显著下降(均P0.05图1)。提示:饮酒、氯胺酮、氯后活化,并与靶基因CRE序列结合,调节其转录,发胺酮+饮酒联合给药可使小鼠海马组织中PKA、AC、挥多种生物学效应CREB及其相应的基因表达下调,其中氯胺酮+饮酒在中枢神经系统中,CREB调节神经细胞的生联合给药组作用更明显长发育及营养,参与神经细胞突触可塑性和长时程Marker对照组乙醇氯胺酮氯胺酮+乙醇记忆的形成⑦,是长时程记忆和LTP所必需的基因400bpGAPDH开关。CREB通过调控目的基因的表达,影响晚时500bp相的LTP和长时程记忆。实验证实CREB是学习记忆中一个关键因子,400bp300bp参与海马的空间记忆调节。研究认为迷宫实验训练可使大鼠海马和纹状体内 PCREB免疫活性显著500bp·升高。海马CREB功能降低,可导致空间记忆功能的400bD减退。谭蕾等研究结果表明氯胺酮通过下调大鼠海马神经元 pCREB水平,诱导新生大鼠海马神经元凋亡,突触形成受损。 S.C. Pandey等四研究发现大鼠过度饮酒,可导致杏仁核CRE-DNA结合力下降,海图1氯胺酮与乙醇对小鼠海马PKA、AC、CREB基因表达的影响马内总CREB及 pCREB表达下调,进而影响大鼠的2.2 Western blot检测结果CREB的磷酸化水平学习记忆功能。与学习记忆密切有关。连续给予氯胺酮、饮酒、联合氯胺酮为苯环已哌啶(N-1- phenycyclohexy-给药14d后,与正常对照组相比,各用药组小鼠海 piperidine,PCP且NMnA严体的非特异马组织 PCREB、CREB蛋白表达量均降低(P<05,性阻断剂。氮中国煤化工通过阻断各且磷酸化水平 DCREB/CREB I的降低有统计学意义刺激产生的长CNMHG记忆过程。有P<005)。与单用药组相比,联合用药组 PCREB/CREB报道称氯胺酮可致其滥用者记忆的长久损害作用286南通大学学报(医学版)2013:33(4)经多次氯胺酮麻醉的大鼠其空间学习记忆能力明显小鼠学习记忆的影响[J中国药理学通报,199915(3)下降,且海马神经元超微结构也有异常改变,损害程度与使用氯胺酮的剂量水平有关叫。本实验室研究结5 I Molkentin JI, Dorn GW. Cytoplasmic signaling pathways果表明,氯胺酮多次给药可致小鼠空间学习记忆能that regulate cardiac hypertrophy [J|. Annu Rev Physiol力障碍。2001,63(63:391-426Wu GY, Deisseroth K, Tsien Rw. Activity -dependent在海马内,乙醇通过抑制NMDA受体亚型CREB Phosphorylation: con vergence of a fast, sensitiveNR2B的活性来抑制NMDA受体吗。早期研究表明calmodulin kinase pathway and a slow, less sensitive mito乙醇在较低浓度时就可对NMDA受体的一个亚型gen-activated protein kinase pathway[J. 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J Neural Transm, 2005, 112(8)南通大学学报(医学版)Journal of Nantong University (Medical Sciences) 2013: 33(4)Wnt5a在严重烫伤大鼠早期肠黏膜组织中的表达及胰岛素的调控作用祁俊”,胡克苏,张云,张逸(南通大学附属医院烧伤整形科,南通226001)摘要]目的:研究在严重烫伤大鼠肠黏膜组织中Wnt5a的动态表达变化及其意义。方法:将48只大鼠背部浸入恒温水浴盆⑨2℃中20s达Ⅲ度烫伤,制作烫伤创面,采用随机数字法将大鼠分为对照组、单纯烫伤组烫伤组)、烫伤后胰岛素治疗组(治疗组)。伤后取肠组织观察大体变化,取肠道黏膜H染色后,行组织形态学观察,分别于烫伤后6、1224、48h观察,取肠黏膜组织以免疫组织化学的方法,检测Wnt5a的表达情况。结果:在烫伤组和治疔组Wnt5a表达均有显著表达,对照组有少量表达(P<005),伤后6-12hWn5a的表达持续升高,烫伤组12-24h开始表达逐渐减少,24h后表达又重新增多,各组在48h表达达到最高峰;与烫伤组相比,治疗组Wnt5a的表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),病理形态学变化显示烫伤早期大鼠肠黏膜组织损伤明显,治疗组大鼠肠黏膜组织损伤较烫伤组明显减轻。结论:严重烫伤早期SD大鼠肠黏膜组织损伤眀显,wnt5a可能参与了烧伤脓毒症的发生发展过程。胰岛素能减少其表达,可能是其保护肠黏膜机制的因素之关键词]烧伤;肠黏膜;Wn5a;大鼠「中图分类号]R644文献标志码]A文章编号]1674-7887(2013)04-0287-04Expression of Wnt5a in intestinal mucosa of rats during the early stage after severe burninjury and the effect of the insulinQI Jun", HU Kesu, ZHANG Yun, ZHANG Yi(Department of Plastic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001)[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the changes of the expressions of Wnt5a in intestinal mucosa of rats during the earlystage after severe burn Injury and its sigficance. Methods: 48 healthy SD rats were set upscalded models, which wererandomly divided into control group, scald group and scald +insulin group(treatment group). The intestinal mucosa tissuesample separately after 6, 12, 24, 48 hours were posted scald injury. In the treatment group, subcutaneous injection of 3 U/kginsulin after scald injury. The expression of Wnt5a in the intestinal mucosa was detected with immunohistochemistry methodand analyzed by a micro-image analysis system, and at the same time we observed the pathological changes of the intestinalmucosa tissue of each groups. Results: In the scalded group, the expression of Wnt5a was higher than that in control group atthe same time (P<0.05),6-12 hours post scald injury the expression was increased. Following the expression of Wnt5adecreased obviously 24 hours post scald injury, 48 hours post scald injury the expression was increased. The expression ofWnt5a in the treatment group was significantly smaller than that in scalded group at most time points at the same time(P<0.05). Conclusions: In the early phase of severe burns injury, the intestinal mucosa tissue injury is very severe. Wnt5amay take part in the procession of burn sepsis. Insulin can deduce its expression, which may be one of factors protecting thetestinal mucosa tissue[ Key words] burn; intestinal mucosa Wnt5a; rat临床很早就发现严重的烧伤可导致胃、十二指量的细菌和内毒素,主要是依赖于其肠道屏障的功肠溃疡,甚至岀现消化道大出血或穿孔等并发症。能。对其屏障的功能行深人地研究,有可能使烧伤的其影响因素有多种,目前尚未完全明了,胃肠黏膜缺救治水平再上1个台阶。Wnt5a为分泌性信号转导血和胃液氢离子反渗是主要的发病原因。肠道是人体分子Wnt家族成员。近来,不少研究资料显示内最大的¨内毒素库”。正常的肠道之所以能抵抗大wnt5a在单核巨噬细胞的激活中发挥着重要作用。*[基金项目]南通大学自然科学类科研课题(11Z017*[作者简介]祁俊,男,汉族,生于1980年8月,江苏省南通市人,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:烧伤整形等**[通信作者]张逸,电话:0513-81168901,E- mail: qijunsky@126cmMH中国煤化工1005-1013.CNMHG6[17] Kumar D, Deb L, Chakraborty J, et al. A polymorphism of桐日期]2013-03-10the CREB binding protein(CREBBP) gene is a risk factor