AHP Comprehensive Evaluation on Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in Hengshui City, China

Trans. Tianjin Univ.2015, 21: 178-182DOI 10.1007/s12209-01 5-2229-yAHP Comprehensive Evaluation on Sustainable Utilizationof Water Resources in Hengshui City, ChinaPan Feng (潘峰)， ZhaoLin (赵林)(School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)◎Tianjin University and Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015and comprehensive evaluation on 15 indexes of Hengshui City, such as the perspectives of social and economic devel-opment condition, water resource condition, environment condition, development and utilization of water resources,were conducted by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method from 2004 to 2008. Although the sustainableutilization has been growing from 2004 to 2008, the situation and environment of water resources were not optimisticbecause of the severe water shortage in Hengshui. In the future, improving the supply capacity is the key target forpromoting sustainable utilization of water resources.Keywords: water resources; sustainable utilization; analytic hierarchy process; index systemWater resources are the basic natural resources and Plain, is a member of Hebei Province, and belongs to thestrategic economic resources related to the national econ- zone of the continental monsoon climate with four dis-omy in China. The sustainable utilization of water re- tinct seasons. The climate characteristics of the city aresources is a reasonable and effective way in which people low rainfall, torrential rain concentration, high evapora-can maintain coordinated development and benign cycle tion, and disparate annual rainfall. According to theof society and economy”With the rapid development statistical data of water resources in Hengshui City fromof economy, sharp increase of population and growing 1956 to 2008, the annual average amount of water re-shortage of water resources, the sustainable utilization of sources is 6.58x 10* m', while it is just 150 m' per cap-regional water resources has become a key link that af- ita, which is 48% of that of Hebei Province and 10%fects regional sustainable developmente. Therefore, the lower than that of the national. W ater resources in Heng-reasonable evaluation on sustainable utilization of re- shui City are composed of surface water, undergroundgional water resources shows the great significance in water and transferring water. The urban water is mainlyregional sustainable development of society and economy from exploiting fresh groundwater, and the cooling waterand benign cycle of ecological environment5. In this of power plant comes from Hengshui Lake. The reusestudy, comprehensive evaluation with analytic hierarchy rate of reclaimed water is almost zero. The amount ofprocess (AHP) on sustainable utilization level of water transferring water is small. Because of the small amountresources in Hengshui City from 2004 to 2008 was car- of rainfall, the surface water was set off. Since the under-ried out, according to the data of water resources in ground water was exploited excessively for a long time,Hengshui City. The study can provide scientific reference the water level decreased continuously and the exploitingfor alleviating the current situation of water shortage in benefit decreased year by year. So, Hengshui City lacksHengshui City, realizing rational allocation and sustain- water resources.able utilization of water resources, and securing sustain-The data of water resources, society, economy anable development of social economics.environment of Hengshui City come from StatisticalYearbook of Hengshui, Water Resources Bulletin o11 Survey of research areaHengshui, Environment Quality Bulletin of Hengshui andUrban Statistical Yearbook of China from 2004 to 2008.Hengshui City, located in the middle of North ChinaAccepted date: 2014-02-21.中国煤化工*Supported by the Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced.MYHCNMHGPan Feng, male, born in 1976, associate research fellow.Correspondence to Pan Feng, E-mail: Panfeng@tju.edu.cn.Pan Feng et al: AHP Comprehensive Evaluation on Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in Hengshui City, ChinaFinally, the largest eigenvalue 2. of judgment matrix2 Evaluation methodwas calculated:二om,The AHP, raised by Saaty in the 1970s, contains...(7)both quantitative and qualitative analysis by dividingcomplex objects into several levels and factors. OnlyIn order to test the consistency of the judgment ma-qualitative analysis cannot solve the complex problem， trix, the index of consistency needs to be calculated.while the method can reduce errors caused by qualitativeCI=(Amax -n)(n-1)(8)analysis. Therefore, AHP is applied to calculating theThe average random consistency index RI of judg-index weight of sustainable utilization water resources of ment matrix was obtained by checking table. The ratio ofHengshui City'- 141 based on statistical data.CIto RI is called consistency ratio CR . If CR <0.10，2.1 Basic principles of AHPthe judgment matrix is tested for consistency, otherwiseIn the AHP, each element in the same hierarchy is the judgment matrix needs to be adjusted for consistency.compared multiply with one rule of upper layer. TheGeneral ranking from top to bottom was performedcomparison result constitutes the judgment matrix by by calculating the important coefficients (weights)one-nine method of AHP. The matrixes have consistency，related to total target in the same hierarchy. If there areand they are relatively positive matrixes and reverse ma- m elements B,B,，,Bm in the upper hierarchy, theitrixest5.16.values of hierarchical population ordering are b,b,..bmIf element A of hierarchy A is related to elements respectively, and the single ordering weight value of hi-B,B,.,B. of next hierarchy, the weight of B, in erarchy of n elements C,C,..C. in the next hierarchyA. can be calculated according to the judgment matrix，C are e.,..., respectively. Then calculation formulaand it is expressed asof weight that hierarchy C relative to B isW,=W(B)(1w:=2b,Cn (j-=1,..,mi=1.,2.,n) (9)where vector W = (W,.,W,) is single ordering weightThe formula of consistency testing isvalueCR :. 2b,CI(j= 12.,.,mn)(10)If there is an nxn matrix named B，W can beobtained by calculating the eigenvector of W and theTherefore, the weight of each element in the indexlargest eigenvalue An. that satisfies the identitieslayer relative to target layer and their ratio of consistencyBW =.Wtesting can be calculated by this method.hm and W were solved with the mediation method. 2.2 Classifcation evaluation method of sustain-Firstly, matrix B was processed normally by column,able utilization of water resourcesthen the following matrix is derived:The system analysis was boiled down to a problemQ =(q;)nxn(3that determined the relative importance of weight of in-ojdex layer relative to target layer or a scheduling problem(i,j=1,2.,.,n)28(4with a multi-level structural analysis model in AHP. Inorder to make the further overall evaluation on the sus-where o(i=1,2,-,n;j=1,2..,n) is the value of impor- tainable utilization of water resources, and to take theance scale of element B, and B, compared with A. maneuverability of calculation method into account,Summarize matrix Q by row and derive vector comprehensive assessment index is defined asc =(g,C,,co)E=Zβxe(11)c=2q，(-1,2.,-,n)(5)e=Z;,M;(12)Then eigenvector associated with the maximum eigen-value was obtained:where E is used to reflect the overall grade level of sus-tainable utilization of water resources. the higher the in-(j= 1,2..,n)Sc(6dex is, the better中国煤化工degree can be;n is the number:MHCNM HGy; m is the in-Transactions of Tianjin University Vol.21 No.2 2015dex number of one rule hierarchy; β is the weight of the Tab. 1 Evaluation index system of the sustainable utiliation of water resourcesrule hierarchy i;月, is the weight of index j selected byRule layerone rule hierarchy; M is the quantitative standard valuePopulation growth rateof index j selected by rule hierarchy i17.18].Social economicUtbanization ratesituationGDP per capita3 Evaluation on sustainable utilization ofwater resources in Hengshui CityWater consumption per 10 000 industrialoutput valueW ater requirement quantity per capita at3.1 Evaluation on sustainable utilization of waterWater resources75% guarantee rateresourcesW ater shortage rate at 75% guarantee rateThe index data were collected for the evaluation onWater quota in urban areasustainable utilization of water resources in HengshuiWater quota in rural areaSewage dischargeCity from 2004 to 2008. Tab. 1 is the evaluation indexEnvironment situationSewage discharge per capitasystem of the sustainable utilization of water resources.Pollutant emissionTab.2 is the index evaluation standard of evaluation onDegree of water resources explotationWater utilizationsustainable utilization of water resources. Tab. 3 is theWater management leveldegreeoriginal data of indexes.Soil and water conservation levelTab. 2 Index evaluation standard of evaluation on sustainable utilization of water resourcesAssessment criteriaIndexWeight00.40.6_0..00.13504(2012.510Urbanization rate/%0.543(60GDP per capita/10 000 yuan0.270.30..7Proportion of third industry in GDP/%0.062(2:Water consumption per 10 000 industrial output value/ m'0.0776062340200Water requirement quantity per capita at 75% guarantee rate/ m30.49304006001000Water shortage rate at 75% guarantee rate/%0.055Water quota in urban area/(L .d)0.268(18023Water quota in rural areal(L.d)4085 .Sewage discharge/m?'0.70 28 000 26 0002400022 00020 000180000Sewage discharge per capita/m'0.237565554535Pollutant emission/ kg0.0814 00012 00010000 8 00006 0004000Degree of water resources exploitation/%0.28700.63 very lowlowerlowgeneral higher very high0.09very poorworsegeneralbettervery goodTabOriginal data of indexes20042005200620072008 _Population growth rate/%6.212.23.1111.8712.6619.2216.9117.0721.8423.321.151.251.311.321.42229.1729.6030.1332.9333.67).6040.6149.0750.3851.64 .169.68172.24192.25188.09153.7253.8055.0054.1257.3859.22Water quota in urban area/(L.d")95661.4456.35Water quota in rural area/(L.d)5276.4248.08 .Sewage discharge/ m'19 547.1421 315.2424 897.2825 119.7722 270.72Sewage discharge per capita/m’47.2951.459.6259.4452.0410 755.9111 085.7212 294.5113 364.0011 445.264中国煤化工highergeneraMYHCNMH G_一180-Pan Feng et al: AHP Comprehensive Evaluation on Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in Hengshui City, China3.2 Result analysisnary (score 0.6- 0.8)， weak (score 0.4- 0.6), not sus-The weight of rule hierarchy and the comprehensive tainable (score 0.2 一0.4)， and not sustainable seri-assessment index of sustainable utilization of water re- ously (score 0- 0.2). The highest level of comprehensivesources from 2004 to 2008 are obtained by index of water resources sustainable utilization is 0.49 incomprehensive index method. The evaluation results are 2008, the lowest level is 0.34 in 2004. The utilization ofshown in Tab.4. The higher the weights of indexes in the water resources was not sustainable in 2004, while thtotal ranking are, the greater the effects of indexes on highest score in 2008 was just weak. The sustainablesustainable utilization of water resources are. According utilization was growing from 2004 to 2008, but the situa-to Tab.4, of the 15 indexes, the effect of utilization level tion of water resources and environment was not optimis-of water resources on sustainable utilization of water re- tic due to the limitation of development of water resources is the greatest one, so the shortage and over- sources. They rose slightly, but still remained in a poorexploitation of water resources in Hengshui City lead to state. In the future, the supply capacity is the key targetthe limitation of the society and ecology development.for making up the deficiency of the water resourcesThe total score of the sustainable utilization of water amount and promoting sustainable utilization. For exam-resources in whole city can be obtained by the evaluation ple, the starting of South-North Water Transfer Projectof 15 indexes multiplied by the relative weight. The can relieve the pressure of the utilization of water re-evaluation results could be divided into 5 grades which sources in Hengshui City to some extent and improve thestand for the sustainable utilization level of water re- utilization ability of water resources.sources. The five grades are good (score 0.8- 1), ordi-Tab.4 Evaluation results on sustainable utilization of water resources from 2004 to 200820042005200620072008Rule layerWeighteESocial economie situation0.050.350.370.360.440.41Water resources situation0.180.150.120.10).340.480.49Environment situation0.710.570.290.43Water utilization degree0.590.510.63tion in Hengshui City.4 ConclusionsReferencesAccording to the regional features of Hengshui City,[ 1 ] Cheng Guaimei, He Shihua. Evaluation of sustainableutilization of regional water resources[J]. Journal ofcomprehensive evaluation index system and evaluationChina Hydrology, 2006, 26(5): 20-24 (in Chinese).standard were proposed on sustainable utilization of wa-ter resources by data analysis and expert consultation.[2] Wei Sujuan, Zhang Yu. 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