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英国石油公司2035年能源展望BP Energy Outlook 2035 英国石油公司2035年能源展望BP Energy Outlook 2035

英国石油公司2035年能源展望BP Energy Outlook 2035

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-09
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《年度能源展望》第四次出版,反映了我们根据对可能的经济和人口增长以及政策和技术发展的看法,尽最大努力描述全球能源系统“最有可能”的轨迹。《展望》和它的姊妹出版物《世界能源统计评论》一样,是我们的经济学团队深入分析的结果;这两份文件都理所当然地成为那些对能源感兴趣的人的标准参考。当然,未来是不确定的:构成这一前景的数字不如长期趋势、未来道路上可能出现的岔口以及它们给政府和企业决策者带来的选择重要。本期《了望》提出了三大问题:世界是否有足够的能源来推动经济持续增长?能源安全吗?它是否可持续?关于第一个问题,我们的回答是响亮的“是”。我们预计,到2035年,全球能源消费将增长41%,其中95%的增长来自快速增长的新兴经济体。这一增长速度比我们在过去几十年看到的要慢,主要是由于能源效率的提高。全球技术、投资和政策的趋势使我们相信,生产将能够跟上步伐。页岩气、致密油和可再生能源等新能源形式将在全球供应增长中占据重要份额。在全球化和竞争的推动下,能源效率有望得到不可改变的提高。在安全问题上,我们的展望提供了一个混合的,尽管大体上是积极的观点。在当今的能源进口国中,美国正走上实现能源自给自足的道路,而欧洲、中国和印度的进口依存度将增加。亚洲将成为主要的能源进口地区。俄罗斯仍将是主要的能源出口国,非洲将成为越来越重要的供应国。尽管它仍将是一个关键的能源参与者,但中东可能会出现相对稳定的出口。在可持续性问题上,我们计划全球二氧化碳排放量将增长29%,所有增长都来自新兴经济体。有一些积极的发展:随着天然气和可再生能源从煤炭和石油中获得市场份额,排放量增长将放缓。预计欧洲和美国的排放量将下降。但我们可以做得更好。今年,我们将前景展望延长至2035年,这足以看到一些关键的转折点:印度可能超过中国,成为最大的能源需求增长来源;可再生能源将不再是次要角色,超过核能;经合组织成员国将开始“破解”在减少能源需求的同时保持经济增长的密码。《了望》再次强调了竞争和市场力量在释放技术和创新以满足世界能源需求方面的力量。这些因素使我们对世界能源的未来感到乐观,并为我们应对安全和可持续性等挑战指明了前进的方向。我希望你能发现英国石油公司的能源展望对全球能源讨论是一个有益的补充。

Published for the 4th time, the annual Energy Outlook reflects our best effort to describe a “most likely” trajectory of the global energy system, based on our views of likely economic and population growth, as well as developments in policy and technology. The Outlook, like its sister publication, the Statistical Review of World Energy, is the result of intensive analysis by our Economics Team; both documents have deservedly become standard references for those with an interest in energy. Of course the future is uncertain: the numbers that make up this Outlookare less important than the long-term trends, the possible forks in the road ahead, and the choices they pose for decision makers in government and business. This edition of the Outlookraises three big questions: Will the world have sufficient energy to fuel continued economic growth? Will that energy be secure? And will it be sustainable? On the first question, our answer is a resounding “Yes”. We project that global energy consumption will rise by 41% by 2035, with 95% of that growth coming from rapidlygrowing emerging economies. That growth rate is slower than what we have seen in previous decades, largely as a result of increasing energy efficiency. Trends in global technology, investment and policy leave us confident that production will be able to keep pace. New energy forms such as shale gas, tight oil, and renewables will account for a significant share of the growth in global supply. Energy efficiency promises to improve unabatedly, driven by globalization and competition. On the question of security, our Outlookoffers a mixed, though broadly positive, view. Among today’s energy importers, the United States is on a path to achieve energy selfsufficiency, while import dependence in Europe, China and India will increase. Asia will become the dominant energy importing region. Russia will remain the leading energy exporter, and Africa will become an increasingly important supplier. While it will remain a key energy player, the Middle East is likely to see relatively static exports. And on the question of sustainability, we project that global carbon dioxide emissions will rise by 29%, with all of the growth coming from the emerging economies. There are some positive developments: emissions growth will slow as natural gas and renewables gain market share from coal and oil. And emissions are expected to decline in Europe and the US. But we could do better. This year, we extend the outlook to 2035 –far enough to see some key turning points: India is likely to surpass China as the largest source of energy demand growth; renewable energy will no longer be a minor player, surpassing nuclear energy; and OECD countries will have started to “crack the code” of sustaining economic growth while reducing energy demand. Once again, the Outlookhighlights the power of competition and market forces in unlocking technology and innovation to meet the world’s energy needs. These factors make us optimistic for the world’s energy future, and they suggest a way forward in mastering challenges such as security and sustainability. I hope you find the BP Energy Outlooka useful addition to the global energy discussion.

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