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新型二氧化碳捕捉工作组报告(2011)novel co2 capture task force report(2011) 新型二氧化碳捕捉工作组报告(2011)novel co2 capture task force report(2011)

新型二氧化碳捕捉工作组报告(2011)novel co2 capture task force report(2011)

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需要开发一系列低碳技术,以实现政府的二氧化碳排放目标。澳大利亚的电能很大一部分是用煤产生的,天然气的使用也在增加。澳大利亚正在广泛研究这些化石来源的二氧化碳地质封存。本研究由发起人BCIA1、ANLERC&D2和全球CCS研究所3召集,旨在通过替代地质封存的方式研究二氧化碳的捕获和封存。特别工作组审议的新型二氧化碳捕获技术分为生物固存和矿物固存两个领域,其定义如下:生物固存是指通过生物过程捕获和储存大气中的二氧化碳。这可能是通过增加光合作用(通过重新造林或减少去造林);通过增强农业中的土壤碳捕集;或者通过利用藻类生物固存从工业过程中吸收二氧化碳。矿物固存,或矿物碳化,涉及二氧化碳与常见的天然岩石中的金属氧化物的反应。这一过程模拟自然风化现象,并产生在地质时间尺度上稳定的天然碳酸盐产物。工作队研究于2011年1月开始,2011年8月结束。第一项活动包括召集来自工业界、大学和CSIRO的独立专家参加一个研讨会,在研讨会上制定了一项研究行动计划。讲习班的一部分是作为行动计划的一个关键组成部分,提出了一系列有待回答的“假设”。

A portfolio of low-carbon technologies are required to be developed to reach Government targets for CO2 emissions. A large proportion of Australia’s electrical energy is generated using coal and there is an increasing use of natural gas. Geological sequestration of CO2 from these fossil sources is being extensively studied in Australia. The present study was convened by the sponsors BCIA1, ANLECR&D2 and the Global CCS Institute3 to investigate CO2 capture and storage by means alternative to geological storage. The technologies for novel CO2 capture considered by the Task Force fall into the areas of bio‑sequestration and mineral sequestration, given by the following definitions: Bio-sequestration is the capture and storage of atmospheric CO2 by biological processes. This may be by increased photosynthesis (through re-forestation, or decreased de-forestation); by enhanced soil carbon trapping in agriculture; or by the use of algal bio-sequestration to absorb CO2 from industrial processes. Mineral sequestration, or mineral carbonation, involves reaction of CO2 with metal oxides that are present in common, naturally occurring rocks. This process mimics natural weathering phenomena, and results in natural carbonate products that are stable on a geological time scale. The Task Force study commenced in January 2011 and concluded in August 2011. The first activity involved convening independent experts from industry, universities and the CSIRO to a workshop where an action plan for the study was developed. As part of the workshop, a series of “hypotheses” to be answered were developed as a key component of the action plan.

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