首页 > 资料下载 > 印度尼西亚的财政可持续电力部门Indonesia’s Financially Sustainable Electricity Sector
印度尼西亚的财政可持续电力部门Indonesia’s Financially Sustainable Electricity Sector 印度尼西亚的财政可持续电力部门Indonesia’s Financially Sustainable Electricity Sector

印度尼西亚的财政可持续电力部门Indonesia’s Financially Sustainable Electricity Sector

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-09
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印度尼西亚的电力部门面临许多挑战,特别是需要满足不断增长的电力需求并为偏远地区的消费者提供服务。印尼目前的能源结构以煤炭为主,并给公共健康和环境带来负面影响。印尼电力部门的核心是PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara(PLN),这是一家国有电力公司,经营着大多数发电机,并且是电力传输,分配和零售的唯一提供商。本文按照国际可持续发展研究所全球补贴计划开发的金融可持续性电力部门(FSES)分析框架,回顾了印度尼西亚电力部门以财务可持续的方式满足印尼电力需求的能力。该报告分析了电力部门支付成本,提供可靠需求,进行必要投资以及按照环境和社会规范运作的能力。主要发现如下:•尽管政府努力逐步提高电价,但补贴仍是PLN收入的重要组成部分,在弥合电力销售成本与收入之间的差距方面起着至关重要的作用。 •补贴主要用于人口密度较高的地区。这与增加电力供应的目标有些矛盾。 •跟踪电力和需求的指标的积极发展以及供应质量的整体改善反映了对印尼电力行业的投资。但是,该国在区域一级遇到了显着差异。应当解决输配电领域的瓶颈,以改善服务欠缺地区的服务。 •政府为促进投资所做的努力已导致大量部署新能力。鉴于快速增长,重要的是要监视投资的效率,并确保投资能够满足消费者的需求,并与增加可持续电力作用的目标相一致。 •印尼电力部门最大的挑战也许是超越提供电力,以可持续的方式提供电力。尽管增加电力领域可再生能源份额的目标一致,但部署更多可再生能源的努力却进展缓慢,目前尚无法确定能否实现当前目标。该国还应研究到2020年实现近乎通用的电力供应的最有效方法,并根据偏远岛屿的可再生能源发电能力评估分散发电的潜力。总而言之,电力部门可持续性的主要挑战包括继续使用补贴来支撑电力部门,以及对煤炭满足需求的日益依赖,这对城市地区的健康产生了严重影响,并通过碳排放给社会造成了成本。煤炭生产的“真实成本”应考虑到电价中,包括煤炭使用的环境外部性。

Indonesia’s power sector faces a number of challenges, notably the need to meet rising demand for electricity and to serve consumers in geographically remote regions. Indonesia’s energy mix is currently dominated by coal, with attendant negative public health and environmental impacts. At the heart of Indonesia’s power sector is PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), the state-owned electricity company that operates most of the power generators and is the sole provider of transmission, distribution and retail sales of electricity. This paper reviews the ability of the Indonesian electricity sector to meet Indonesia’s need for electricity in a financially sustainable way, following the Financial Sustainability Electricity Sector (FSES) analytical framework developed by the International Institute for Sustainable Development’s Global Subsidies Initiative. The report analyzes the ability of the power sector to cover costs, to provide reliable demand, to make necessary investments and to operate according to environmental and social norms. The key findings are as follows: • Despite the government’s efforts to increase electricity tariffs over time, subsidies are still an important part of PLN’s revenues, playing an essential role in bridging the gap between costs and revenues from electricity sales. • Subsidies are predominantly being paid to areas with higher population densities. This is somewhat at odds with the objective to increase access to electricity. • Investments in Indonesia’s power sector are being reflected in the positive evolution of indicators tracking capacity and demand and in the overall improvement of supply quality. However, the country experiences remarkable differences at the regional level. Bottlenecks in the transmission and distribution sector should be addressed to improve service in underserved regions. • The government’s efforts to promote investment have led to significant deployment of new capacity. Given the rapid growth, it is important to monitor the efficiency of the investments and ensure that they meet the needs of consumers, and are consistent with targets to increase the role for sustainable electricity. • Perhaps the largest challenge for Indonesia’s electricity sector is to move beyond providing electricity to delivering electricity in a sustainable manner. Despite well-aligned targets to increase the share of renewables in the power sector, efforts to deploy more renewable energy have been slow and it is far from certain that current targets will be reached. The country should also study the most efficient way to achieve near-universal access to electricity by 2020, evaluating the potential of decentralized generation based on renewable capacity for remote islands. To conclude, key challenges for sustainability in the power sector include the continued use of subsidies to prop up the sector and the increasing reliance on coal to meet demand, which poses serious health impacts in urban areas and costs to society through carbon emissions. The “true cost” of coal generation should be considered in the price of electricity, including the environmental externalities of coal use.

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