资料简介
如果不及时从全球能源系统逐步淘汰有增无减的煤炭，就不可能按照《巴黎气候变化协定》稳定气候系统。目前，煤炭占全球一次能源供应的29%，产生全球44%的二氧化碳排放（气候和能源解决方案中心）。尽管有碳捕获和储存技术，但这一转变意味着全球煤炭需求大幅减少（Allen等人，2014年）。
The shift away from coal is at the heart of the global low-carbon transition. Can governments ofcoal-producingcountries help facilitate this transitionandbenefitfromit? This paper analyses the case for coal taxes as supply-side climate policy implemented by large coal exporting countries. Coal taxes can reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and benefit coalrich countries through improved terms-of-trade and tax revenue. We employ a multi-period equilibriummodelofthe internationalsteamcoalmarket to studyatax onsteamcoallevied by Australia alone, by a coalition of major exporting countries, by all exporters, and by all producers. A unilateral export tax has little impact on global emissions and global coal prices as other countries compensate for reduced export volumes from the taxing country. By contrast, a tax jointly levied by a coalition of major coal exporters would significantly reduce global emissions from steam coal and leave them with a net sector level welfare gain, approximated by the sum of producer surplus, consumer surplus, and tax revenue. Production taxes consistently yield higher tax revenues and have greater effects on global coal consumption with smaller rates of carbon leakages. Questions remain whether coal taxes by major suppliers would be politically feasible, even if they could yield economic benefits.
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上一条：不列颠哥伦比亚煤炭工业经济影响分析 2011Economic impact analysis of the coal mining industry in British Columbia 2011
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