加拿大煤炭开采的经济影响Economic impact analysis of the coal mining industry in Canada

加拿大煤炭协会聘请普华永道会计师事务所（普华永道）量化加拿大煤炭开采业对国民经济的经济贡献。在这项研究中，提供了加拿大煤炭开采业在产出、国内生产总值、就业、工资和薪金以及政府税收方面的直接和间接经济影响的估计结果。加拿大的煤矿业由主要位于不列颠哥伦比亚省、阿尔伯塔省、萨斯喀彻温省和新斯科舍省的勘探和生产公司组成。有25家公司被确定为要么只从事勘探活动，要么是由勘探活动支持的经营矿山的生产商。2011年，全国共有生产矿井24座，其中冶金煤11座，热能煤13座。2009年，加拿大有66亿吨煤炭可采储量（有数据可查），其中约53%为烟煤，47%为次烟煤和褐煤。根据目前的消耗水平，加拿大的可采煤炭储量估计可支持未来100年的生产。加拿大的煤炭潜力可能更大，更广泛的煤炭资源量估计为1900亿吨。加拿大每年生产超过6000万吨冶金和热能煤，为全国社区带来了巨大的经济效益。2011年，煤炭生产总值达到70亿美元。烟煤和次烟煤分别占总产量的50%和35%，褐煤占剩余。艾伯塔省2010年的煤炭产量约为3000万吨，其次是不列颠哥伦比亚省（British Columbia），为2700万吨，萨斯喀彻温省（Saskatchewan）为近1000万吨。据报道，2011年冶金煤的出口额为80亿美元，占加拿大煤炭产量的近40%。1如此规模的出口额使煤炭行业对加拿大的贸易平衡作出了积极贡献。在剩余的煤炭产量中，大部分被用作加拿大发电的燃料来源。煤炭开采促进了加拿大的就业，自2004年以来，煤炭就业无论是在水平上还是在整个采矿业就业中所占的份额都在稳步上升。2010年，煤矿业占采矿业总就业人数的14%，而10年前这一比例为12%。

The Coal Association of Canada engaged PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP ( PwC ) to quantify the economic contributions of Canada's coal mining industry to the national economy. In this study, results are provided of the estimated economic impact of the Canadian coal mining industry, at the direct and indirect level in terms of output, GDP, employment, wages and salaries, and government tax revenues. The coal mining industry in Canada is made up of exploration and producing companies primarily located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia. Twenty-five companies were identified as being either solely engaged in exploration activities or producers of operating mines supported by exploration activities. In 2011, there were 24 producing mines of which 11 mines were producing metallurgical coal and 13 were producing thermal coal. Canada had 6.6 billion tonnes of coal recoverable reserves in 2009 Qatest year for which data are available) of which roughly 53% represents bituminous coal and 47% sub-bituminous and lignite coal Based on current depletion levels, recoverable coal reserves in Canada have been estimated to support 100 years of future production. Canada's coal potential could be even larger with a broader measure of coal resources in-place estimated at 190 billion tonnes. Canada produces well over 60 million tonnes of metallurgical and thermal coal every year, generating significant economic benefits to communities across the country. In 2011, the value of coal production reached $7.0 billion. Bituminous and sub-bituminous coal contributes 50% and 35% of total production respectively with lignite accounting for the remainder. Alberta produced roughly 30 million tonnes of coal in 2010, followed by British Columbia with 27 million and Saskatchewan with almost 10 million tonnes. Export sales for metallurgical coal were reported as $8.0 billion in 2011 representing almost 40% of coal produced in Canada.1 Export sales of this magnitude make the coal industry a positive contributor to the country's trade balance. Of the remaining coal production, the majority is used as a fuel source to generate electricity in Canada. Coal mining contributes to Canada's employment and since 2004 coal employment has been rising steadily both in level terms and as a share of total mining employment. In 2010, the coal mining industry accounted for 14% of total mining employment, compared to 12% ten years ago.