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欧盟煤炭地区:机遇与挑战EU coal regions: opportunities and challenges ahead 欧盟煤炭地区:机遇与挑战EU coal regions: opportunities and challenges ahead

欧盟煤炭地区:机遇与挑战EU coal regions: opportunities and challenges ahead

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-16
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煤炭历来是欧洲经济的主要燃料之一。如今,它占欧盟内陆能源消费总量的16%,占发电总量的24%。欧盟各成员国的使用情况各不相同,但仍有6个国家依赖煤炭来满足至少20%的能源需求。然而,作为能源系统不断转型的一部分,煤炭的作用正在减弱。减少温室气体排放的需要已导致可再生能源所占份额不断增加;由于2020年后排放要求严格、二氧化碳排放补贴价格高,以及可能对未来运力薪酬机制的煤炭资格加以限制,煤炭发电受到积极劝阻。然而,经常被忽视的是,煤炭行业持续萎缩对拥有硬煤和褐煤开采活动以及燃煤电厂的地区就业和经济的潜在负面影响。因此,需要及早采取行动,开发替代性商业机会,以维持或增加区域就业和支持经济增长。

Coal has historically been one of the European economy’s main fuels. Today, it accounts for 16% of gross inland energy consumption in the EU, and 24% of the power generation mix. Usage varies across EU Member States, but six countries still rely on coal to meet at least 20% of their energy demand. The role of coal is, however, decreasing, as part of the ongoing transformation of the energy system. The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has led to an increasing share for renewables; and coal power generation is actively discouraged with stringent post-2020 emission requirements, high CO2 emission allowance prices, and likely restrictions on coal eligibility for future capacity remuneration mechanisms. Frequently overlooked, however, are the potential negative impacts of the ongoing shrinkage of the coal sector on employment and the economy in regions hosting hard coal and lignite mining activities and coal-fired power plants. Early action therefore needs to be taken to develop alternative business opportunities to maintain or increase regional employment and support economic growth.

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