19世纪中叶，在南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省和东开普省发现了煤炭。然而，直到1870年东开普省莫尔泰诺-因德威煤田的煤炭被开采出来为最近发现的金伯利钻石田提供能源时，采矿才开始。姆普马兰加省煤田是沃特雷克人发现的，但仅在19世纪末威特沃特斯兰德金矿开发后开采。煤炭产量从1890年的500吨增加到1900年的200吨。1920年底，中部盆地煤田产量达到66MtPa，是该国第一大煤炭生产国，当年煤炭出口量约为1吨。在20世纪40年代的大部分时间里，平均产量约为20万吨/年，然后在20世纪50年代初上升到30万吨/年左右，出口增加到300万吨/年。在Eskom“圈养煤矿”政策制定后，煤炭需求和产量迅速增长。1973年世界能源危机的爆发使人们对南非的煤炭产生了更大的兴趣，而不断增长的需求使产量上升到了新的高度。20世纪70年代，产量从50万吨/年上升到74万吨/年，大部分煤炭在当地消耗。由于原煤灰分含量高，煤炭出口几乎不可能。由于新的慈善产品的开发和大卫霍斯福尔（David Horsfall）的杰出思想，它们变得重要起来。这些煤炭产品在欧洲和亚洲作为蒸汽和冶金煤找到了有利的市场。随着理查兹湾煤炭码头（RBCT）及其铁路煤炭专用线（CoalLink）的建立，南非建立了大规模出口非标煤所需的基础设施。该国有18个主要煤田，从北到南分布在约700公里的地区，从东到西分布在500公里的地区。东开普省Molteno-Indwe煤田位于主要含煤区以南约300公里处，是一个孤立的年轻矿床。一般来说，煤层的级别或成熟度向东增加，煤层数量和厚度随之减少。因此，Mpumalanga和北部省的煤通常在厚度达几米的煤层中为烟煤，而KwaZulu-Natal煤通常为无烟煤，并沉积在相对较薄的煤层中。南非的煤炭生产大部分是烟煤蒸汽，只有1.2%是无烟煤。约0.8%的烟煤通过选矿转化为焦煤产品，有的半软，有的直。东开普省和夸祖鲁纳塔省仅记录到少量不经济的褐煤矿藏。w+27（0）21 3336305 m+27（0）82 4943968 1270 Kirkby Street Queenswood，比勒陀利亚，0186 xavier@xmpconsulting.com根据国际能源署（IEA）的数据，南非现在是第七大硬煤（烟煤和无烟煤）生产国和第六大出口国。它拥有世界煤炭储量的3.5%。煤炭是南非外汇收入最高的国家，是矿业收入最大的商品，高于铂金和黄金。它用于生产全国95%的能源，90%的还原剂用于冶金工业，40%以上的液体燃料用于当地需求，200多种主要化学品用于1000种碳基产品（萨索尔合成燃料）。表1。年产量、本地销售额
Coal was discovered in South Africa, in the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape Provinces, towards the middle of the 19th century. Mining, however, only began in 1870 when coal of the Molteno-Indwe Coalfield in the Eastern Cape was exploited to supply energy to the recently discovered Kimberley diamond fields. The Mpumalanga Province coalfields were discovered by the Voortrekkers, but only mined in the late 19th century after the development of the Witwatersrand gold deposits. Coal production rose from 500kt in 1890 to 2Mt in 1900. By 1920, with an output of 6.6Mtpa, the Central Basin coalfields were the country's leading producers with approximately one ton of coal first exported during that year. During most of the 1940s, production averaged about 20Mtpa, then rose to about 30Mtpa at the beginning of the 1950s with an increase of exports to 3Mtpa. After the development of Eskom's "captive colliery" policy, coal demand and production grew rapidly. The onset of the world energy crisis in 1973 created further interest in South Africa’s coal and rising demand saw output escalate to new heights. During the 1970s, production rose from 50Mtpa to 74Mtpa, most of the coal being consumed locally. Coal exports were seldom possible, due to the high ash content of the run-of-mine (ROM) coal. They became important as a consequence of the development of new beneficiated products and the brilliant ideas of David Horsfall. These coal products found a favourable market in Europe and Asia as steam and metallurgical coal. The South African infrastructure required for large-scale exports of unsized coal was created with the establishment of the Richards Bay Coal Terminal (RBCT) and its dedicated railway coal line (CoalLink). The country has 18 principal coalfields, spread over an area of some 700km from north to south and 500km from east to west. The Molteno-Indwe coalfield in the Eastern Cape, some 300km south of the main coal-bearing region, is an isolated, younger deposit. Generally, the rank or maturity of coal seams increases eastwards, with a concomitant decrease in the number of seams and their thickness. Thus, the Mpumalanga and Northern Province coals are usually bituminous in seams up to several metres thick, whilst KwaZulu-Natal coals are often anthracitic and deposited in relatively thinner seams. Most of South Africa's coal production is bituminous steam, with only 1.2% anthracite. Some 0,8% of the bituminous coal is converted, through beneficiation, to a coking coal product, some semi-soft, some straight. Only a few small and uneconomic deposits of lignite have been recorded in the Eastern Cape and KwaZuluNatal Provinces. w +27 (0)21 3336305 m +27 (0)82 4943968 1270 Kirkby Street Queenswood, Pretoria, 0186 xavier@xmpconsulting.com South Africa is now, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the 7th largest producer of hard coal (bituminous and anthracite) and the 6th largest exporter. It has 3.5% of the world coal reserves. Coal in South Africa produces the highest foreign exchange earnings of the country, is the largest mining income-earning commodity, higher than platinum and gold. It is used to produce 95% of the country’s energy, 90% of the reductants used by the metallurgical industry, more than 40% of the liquid fuels locally required and more than 200 major chemicals, used for 1 000 carbon-based products (SASOL’s Synfuels). Table 1. Yearly production, local sales
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