亚太经合组织2017年煤炭市场报告APEC Coal Market Report 2017
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- 更新时间:2021-09-16
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2016年,全球近75%的煤炭消费发生在亚太经合组织成员国。该地区拥有世界十大煤炭净出口国中的五个,以及世界十大煤炭净进口国中的六个。2005-2015年期间强劲的经济增长(平均每年3.1%)使煤炭需求增加了30%以上,从2002.74百万吨/年(2005年)增加到2897百万吨/年(2015年),年增长率为2.5%(相当于每年620百万吨/年或加拿大和澳大利亚2015年的煤炭总需求之和)。到2015年,煤炭继续主导亚太经合组织地区的电力结构,占发电量的一半以上。蓬勃发展的亚洲经济在亚太经合组织(APEC)地区创造了庞大的中产阶级人口,随后钢铁需求增加,2015年钢铁需求从2005年的约7.5亿吨增加到12亿吨,水泥需求从2005年翻了一番多,到2015年达到30亿吨。亚太经合组织作为一个区域,其煤炭产量足以满足其需求。2015年,五个经济体满足了亚太经合组织98%的煤炭需求:中国(59%)、美国(14%)、澳大利亚(10%)、印度尼西亚(8.7%)和俄罗斯(6.4%)。在2005年至2011年期间,中国的煤炭产量以每年8%的速度增长,但此后由于国内需求的显著放缓而趋于平稳。近年来,美国煤炭产量大幅放缓,从2011年的5.36亿吨/年降至2015年的4.31亿吨/年,原因是天然气价格低迷正将煤炭挤出电力行业。2015年,亚太经合组织成员国进口煤炭415 Mtoe,比2005年增加48%。亚太经合组织进口总额的80%以上流向四个经济体:日本(116mtoe)、中国(100mtoe)、韩国(81mtoe)和中国台北(36mtoe)。由于电力需求不断增长,南亚和东南亚等新兴地区对热煤的需求继续上升。随着经济增长,预计到2020年,全球热煤需求将小幅上升,但欧洲和美国的需求将下降。印度对冶金煤的需求预计将稳步增长,而随着生铁产量达到峰值,中国的需求预计将下降。预计澳大利亚将继续保持强劲的出口增长,以满足全球需求。随着政府调整能源结构的政策的实施,中国的煤炭需求和产量预计将在2020年前下降。不过,煤炭进口预计将主要保持在目前水平,这取决于供求关系的调整。印度尼西亚目前是世界上最大的出口国,随着政府采取旨在保护和有效利用资源的抑制生产措施(2019年达到4亿吨),预计出口将下降。海上热煤价格已升至目前的90美元/吨水平,预计中期将降至70美元/吨左右,2018年后将再次上涨。
Nearly 75% of global coal consumption occurred in APEC member economies in 2016. The region is home to five of the world's 10 largest net coal exporters and six of the world’s top 10 net coal importers. Strong economic growth over the period 2005-2015 (averaging 3.1% a year) increased coal demand by more than 30%, from 2 274 Mtoe (in 2005) to 2 897 (in 2015), an annual rate of 2.5% (equivalent to 62 Mtoe per year or Canada’s and Australia total coal demand in 2015 combined). By 2015, coal continues to dominate the power mix in the APEC region, accounting for more than half of electricity generation. Booming Asian economies have created a huge middle class population in the APEC region and subsequently increased iron and steel demand, which reached 1.2 billion tons in 2015 from around 750 Mt in 2005, and cement demand, which has more than doubled since 2005 to reach 3 billion tons in 2015. APEC as a region produces enough coal to meet its demand. In 2015, five economies met 98% of APEC’s coal demand: China (59%), USA (14%), Australia (10%), Indonesia (8.7%) and Russia (6.4%) For the period 2005 to 2011, China’s coal production increased at a rate of 8% annually but has flattened since because of a significant slowdown in domestic demand. US coal production has slowed significantly in recent years, from 536 Mtoe in 2011 to 431 Mtoe in 2015, because low gas prices are driving coal out of the power sector. In 2015, APEC members imported 415 Mtoe of coal, 48% more than in 2005. Over 80% of total APEC imports went to four economies: Japan (116 Mtoe), China (100 Mtoe), Korea (81 Mtoe) and Chinese Taipei (36 Mtoe). Demand for thermal coal continued to rise in emerging regions such as South and Southeast Asia on the back of growing power demand. Global thermal coal demand is expected to edge upwards to 2020, in tandem with economic growth, but decline in Europe and the United States. Demand for metallurgical coal is expected to increase steadily in India, while demand is expected to fall in China as the production volume for pig iron reaches its peak. Australia is expected to continue strong export growth to meet global demand. China’s coal demand and production are expected to fall moving towards 2020 as government policies to adjust energy structure are implemented. However, coal imports are expected to remain mostly at the current level, depending on adjustments to demand and supply. Indonesia’s exports, currently the largest in the world, are expected to decline as the government adopts measures to suppress production (to 400 million tonnes in 2019) aimed at the protection and effective use of resources. The seaborne thermal coal price, which has risen to the current level of US$90/tonne, is expected to drop to about US$70/tonne in the medium term before increasing again after 2018.-
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