波兰的煤炭过渡Coal Transition in POLAND
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- 更新时间:2021-09-16
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波兰煤炭部门的重组与1989年开始的民主变革密不可分。转型的经济层面表现为从中央计划向自由市场的转变。虽然这一过程带来了经济增长,但也带来了严重的社会成本。煤炭行业重组的主要目标是实现其在全球市场的盈利能力和竞争力。然而,即使生产和就业迅速减少,对矿山的生产力产生了积极影响,这些目标也没有实现。该部门的盈利能力和劳动力结构调整的可持续性都没有实现。在这一过程中没有成功有三个主要原因。首先,政府的快速变化使长期战略无法实施,并确保了该行业市场规则的实施。其次,工会对维持现状的压力——矿业公司的国有结构、专业特权和增加工资。第三,缺乏足够的激励措施来重新培训矿工和振兴这些地区,这对煤炭行业的重组影响最大。
The restructuring of the Polish coal sector is inextricably related to the democratic transformation which began in 1989. The economic dimension of the transformation is manifested in the shift from central planning to the free market. Although this process brought economic growth, it has had severe social costs. The main goals of the coal sector restructuring were to achieve its profitability and competitiveness on the global market. However, even with a very quick downsizing of production and employment, which positively affected the mines’ productivity, these goals were not achieved. Neither the profitability of the sector nor the sustainability of the labour restructuring were achieved. There were three main reasons for lack of success in this process. Firstly, the rapid changes of governments making impossible implementation of long term strategies and ensure implementation of market rules in the sector. Secondly, the pressure from trade unions on sustaining the status quo – state owed structure of mining companies, professional privileges and increasing salaries. Thirdly, the lack of sufficient incentives for retraining the miners and revitalising the areas exposed the most on the coal sector restructuring.
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