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煤炭需求,市场力量和美国煤矿关闭Coal Demand, Market Forces, and US Coal Mine Closures 煤炭需求,市场力量和美国煤矿关闭Coal Demand, Market Forces, and US Coal Mine Closures

煤炭需求,市场力量和美国煤矿关闭Coal Demand, Market Forces, and US Coal Mine Closures

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-16
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经济转型有可能使工人流离失所并引发社会动荡。美国东部煤矿因电力系统的变化而关闭,导致农村地区的就业损失,已成为各级政府面临的突出问题。此前的研究并未区分近期关闭煤矿的潜在原因,如生产成本上升和电力部门煤炭需求下降。该分析利用煤矿和电厂运营的独特数据来估计供需因素对矿井关闭的影响。我们将关闭作为预期收益的函数进行建模,这使我们能够将特定需求和供应冲击对关闭矿井的影响与预期矿井收益进行比较。我们的结果表明,每次冲击都会对煤矿就业产生实质性影响。阿巴拉契亚煤炭生产成本的增加对关闭的影响最大,天然气价格下降,电力需求下降,每种情况都导致大量关闭。

Economic transitions have the potential to displace workers and cause social unrest. Coal mine closures in the eastern United States due to the changing electricity system and the resulting employment losses in rural areas have become salient issues for all levels of government. Previous research has not distinguished among the potential causes of recent mine closures, such as rising production costs and decreasing coal demand from the electricity sector. This analysis utilizes unique data on coal mine and power plant operation to estimate the impact of supply and demand factors on mine closure. We model closure as a function of expected profits, which allows us to compare the effects on mine closure of specific demand and supply shocks to expected mine profits. Our results suggest that each shock substantially affected coal mine employment. Increasing costs of producing Appalachian coal have had the largest impact on closures with lower natural gas prices and lower electricity demand each accounting for a substantial number of closures additionally.

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