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自1974年国际能源机构成立以来，对石油供应中断的应急反应一直是该机构的核心任务。这本信息手册解释了导致国际能源机构采取集体行动的决策过程、可用的措施（重点是库存抽取）以及国际能源机构对重大石油供应中断的历史背景和应对措施。它还表明，继续需要做好应急准备，包括使主要转型经济体和新兴经济体参与能源安全对话的重要性日益增加。国际能源机构的应急机制是根据1974年关于国际能源计划的协定（即P协定）建立的。《国际能源协议》要求国际能源机构成员国持有相当于石油净进口量至少90天的石油库存，并在石油供应出现重大中断的情况下，释放库存、抑制需求、转向其他燃料、增加国内产量或在必要时分享可用石油。为了补充《联合国协定》中定义的机制，国际能源机构阐述了灵活安排，以协调使用库存、需求约束和其他措施，这些措施可以在应对石油供应中断的情况下实施。国际能源机构的集体应对行动旨在通过综合应急措施（包括增加供应和减少需求）向全球市场提供更多石油，减轻石油供应突然短缺的负面影响。尽管供应短缺可能导致价格上涨，但价格并不是集体应对行动的触发因素，因为这些可能是由其他因素引起的，而应对行动的目标是抵消实际的实物短缺，而不是对价格变动作出反应。与非国际能源机构成员国的消费国保持密切对话与合作，并与主要生产国协调采取集体行动。
Emergency response to oil supply disruptions has remained a core mission of the International Energy Agency since its founding in 1974. This information pamphlet explains the decision- making process leading to an IEA collective action, the measures available – focusing on stockdraw – and finally, the historical background of major oil supply disruptions and the IEA response to them. It also demonstrates the continuing need for emergency preparedness, including the growing importance of engaging key transition and emerging economies in dialogue about energy security. The IEA emergency response mechanisms were set up under the 1974 Agreement on an International Energy Program (I.E.P. Agreement). The I.E.P. Agreement requires IEA member countries to hold oil stocks equivalent to at least 90 days of net oil imports and – in the event of a major oil supply disruption – to release stocks, restrain demand, switch to other fuels, increase domestic production or share available oil, if necessary. To supplement the mechanisms defined in the I.E.P. Agreement, the IEA has elaborated flexible arrangements for co-ordinated use of stockdraw, demand restraint and other measures which could be implemented in response to a disruption in oil supplies. IEA collective response actions are designed to mitigate the negative impacts of sudden oil supply shortages by making additional oil available to the global market through a combination of emergency response measures, which include both increasing supply and reducing demand. Although supply shortages may bring about rising prices, prices are not a trigger for a collective response action, as these can be caused by other factors and the goal of the response action is to offset an actual physical shortage, not react to price movements. Close dialogue and co-operation are maintained with consuming countries that are not member countries of the IEA and collective actions are taken in co-ordination with major producing countries.
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