首页 > 资料下载 > 墨西哥石油改革：低油价环境下的前两轮投标、分包和合同转换Mexican Oil RefORM: The fiRsT TwO Bidding ROunds, faRMOuTs and cOnTRacTu
墨西哥石油改革：低油价环境下的前两轮投标、分包和合同转换Mexican Oil RefORM: The fiRsT TwO Bidding ROunds, faRMOuTs and cOnTRacTu 墨西哥石油改革：低油价环境下的前两轮投标、分包和合同转换Mexican Oil RefORM: The fiRsT TwO Bidding ROunds, faRMOuTs and cOnTRacTu

墨西哥石油改革：低油价环境下的前两轮投标、分包和合同转换Mexican Oil RefORM: The fiRsT TwO Bidding ROunds, faRMOuTs and cOnTRacTu

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  • 更新时间：2021-09-17
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2014年年中以来全球油价暴跌以及当前的价格前景，已经极大地影响了国际石油行业的投资环境。虽然石油收入的下降已经自然地转化为所有主要石油经济体的痛苦，但对墨西哥来说，它也使能源改革计划复杂化，因为能源公司推迟了上游石油投资并行使更大的财政纪律。第一次招标是墨西哥改革努力的一个重大挫折，因为提供的十四个浅水勘探区块没有引起太多的兴趣，最终只分配了两个街区。第二次浅水开发区拍卖取得了较好的效果。考虑到当前环境的困难，墨西哥政府需要时间来研究从这一经验中汲取的教训，并在对外开放的油田投标过程中谨慎地行动，以确保它创造最大的长期效益。对超稠油和深水耕地的拍卖将比今年迄今所见的小得多的竞价轮对墨西哥更为重要。关键的是，墨西哥政府必须在未来的几个月里，将有很高的选择性，在接下来的几个月里投标，谨慎地安排和投标，仔细考虑一些延期。许多盈亏平衡价格高的项目只有在市场重新平衡并开始复苏后才有可能实现。政府当局和墨西哥国家石油公司应探讨拟议的转产和合同转换的替代行动方案的后果，以及对其碳氢化合物资源的公开招标。然而，在任何变化中，政府必须明确和坚定地重申其承诺，即改革将继续下去。本文对这些观点进行了扩展，并探讨了墨西哥可以将改革过程适应当前石油行业的实际情况，以从石油上游拍卖中获得最大利益，这将导致与私人石油公司达成协议。以及转换现有的综合勘探和生产服务合同，并资助公共工程服务合同，以新的生产分成协议。

The collapse in global oil prices since mid-2014 and the current price outlook have drastically affected the investment climate in the international oil industry. While the decline in oil revenues has naturally translated into pain for all major oil economies, for Mexico it has also complicated the energy reform plan, as energy companies are postponing upstream oil investments and exercising greater fiscal discipline. The first invitation to bid was a major setback for Mexico’s reform effort, as the fourteen shallow-water exploration blocks on offer did not incite much interest and only two blocks were allocated in the end. The second auction for shallow-water development blocks showed better results. Given the difficulty of the current environment, it is critical that Mexico’s government take time to examine the lessons that can be gleaned from this experience and move carefully in the bidding process for oil fields open to foreign participation to ensure that it creates maximum long-term benefit. The auctions for the extra heavy oil and deepwater acreage will be far more important to Mexico than the much smaller bidding rounds seen so far this year. Critically, the Mexican government must be highly selective in the acreage that it will bid out in the coming months, cautiously sequence and pace tenders, and carefully consider a number of deferrals. Many projects with high break-even prices will only be viable after the market rebalances and begins to recover. Government authorities and Pemex should explore the consequences of alternative courses of action regarding proposed farmouts and contractual conversions, as well as open invitations to bid for their hydrocarbon resources. Amid any changes, however, the government must clearly and firmly reiterate its commitment that the reforms will continue. This paper expands upon these points and examines other ways in which Mexico can adapt the reform process to the current realities of the oil sector to obtain the maximum benefits from the oil upstream auctions that will lead to farmout agreements with private oil companies, as well as the conversion of existing integrated exploration and production service contracts, and financed public works service contracts, to new production sharing agreements.

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