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国际主要油气产区的比较An International Comparison of Leading Oil and Gas Producing Regions 国际主要油气产区的比较An International Comparison of Leading Oil and Gas Producing Regions

国际主要油气产区的比较An International Comparison of Leading Oil and Gas Producing Regions

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-17
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本研究的目的是比较加拿大阿尔伯塔省与世界其他地区在环境政策、法律和监管体系方面的差异。与阿尔伯塔相比的其他地点包括北美洲的国家和国家(美国北达科他州和美国墨西哥湾)、南美洲(巴西)、澳大利亚(昆士兰)、亚太地区(马来西亚)、中东(阿曼)、非洲(加纳)和欧洲(英国and挪威)。 这项研究的目的是审查和比较截至2013年12月的环境政策、法律和监管制度;而不是评价政府的“绩效”或“有效性”。特别是,调查的目的是评估在评估的司法管辖区内存在的系统、过程和控制,而不是司法管辖区如何有效和高效地进行评估。此外,这项研究不应被视为直接的比较分析,因为文化、治理模式和政府成熟度都有很大的差异。 为了在比较中公平起见,根据最近的石油和天然气活动水平以及政府的相对成熟度和相对开放度(对其区域而言),选择了可能与阿尔伯塔省最相似的国家(每个全球区域至少一个)。换句话说,他们是否像阿尔伯塔省一样成熟、开放和活跃? 研究比较了环境法和政府程序的严格性(环境法有多全面?),透明度(公众获取信息有多容易?),和合规性(哪个国家有确保合规性的规则?). 通过考察大型油气项目生命周期的三个阶段,研究了项目的严格性、透明度和合规性:项目批准、建设和运营以及关闭或退役。 对代表世界七个主要大陆地区的10个司法管辖区的审查显示,阿尔伯塔、加拿大、昆士兰、澳大利亚和美国、墨西哥湾沿岸地区在现有的环境政策、法律和监管制度的比较中始终领先。我们完全预计,一些未经比较的国家和管辖区也将是环境监管方面的佼佼者。本次调查的目的是以公平的方式将加拿大阿尔伯塔省与石油和天然气生产世界各地的其他九个国家/地区进行比较。

The purpose of this study was to compare Alberta, Canada with other locations around the world in terms of their environmental policies, laws and regulatory systems. Other locations that were compared with Alberta included states and countries in North America (USA North Dakota and USA Gulf of Mexico), South America (Brazil), Australia (Queensland), Asia-Pacific (Malaysia), Middle East (Oman), Africa (Ghana) and Europe (United Kingdom and Norway). The study was intended to examine and compare environmental policies, laws and regulatory systems as of December 2013; and not intended to evaluate “performance” or “effectiveness” of the governments. In particular, the survey was meant to evaluate the systems, processes and controls that exist within the evaluated jurisdictions and not how effectively and efficiently the jurisdictions are operating. Also, the study should not be seen as a direct comparative analysis, as cultures, governance models and maturity of governments are highly variable. In order to be fair in the comparison, countries were chosen that might be most similar to Alberta (at least one from each global region) based upon their recent levels of oil and gas activity, and the relative maturity and comparative openness (for their region) of their government. In other words, are they as mature, open and active as Alberta? The study compared the environmental laws and government processes with respect to stringency (How comprehensive are the environmental laws?), transparency (How easily can the public get information?), and compliance (Which country has rules to ensure compliance?). Stringency, transparency and compliance were studied by looking at three stages in the life cycle of a major oil and gas project: approval of the project, construction and operations, and closure or decommissioning. The review of 10 jurisdictions, representing seven major continental regions across the world, revealed that Alberta, Canada; Queensland, Australia; and the United States, Gulf Coast were consistently leading in a comparison of existing environmental policies, laws and regulatory systems. We fully expect that some countries and jurisdictions that were not compared would also be top performers in environmental regulation. The intent of this survey was to compare Alberta Canada in a fair manner with nine other countries/regions from every part of the oil and gas producing world.

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