首页 > 资料下载 > 低油价会损害美国乘用车燃油经济性标准吗？DO LOW OIL PRICES UNDERMINE US PASSENGER VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS?
低油价会损害美国乘用车燃油经济性标准吗？DO LOW OIL PRICES UNDERMINE US PASSENGER VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS? 低油价会损害美国乘用车燃油经济性标准吗？DO LOW OIL PRICES UNDERMINE US PASSENGER VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS?

低油价会损害美国乘用车燃油经济性标准吗？DO LOW OIL PRICES UNDERMINE US PASSENGER VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS?

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  • 更新时间：2021-09-17
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燃油经济性标准是美国减少石油消耗和温室气体排放的核心。2010年，环境保护局（EPA）和交通部（DOT）制定了2012至2016车型年的标准。制造商必须达到的燃油经济性要求取决于其销售车辆的尺寸，而之前的标准对轿车和轻型卡车规定了统一的要求。由于采用了新的结构，该标准所要求的燃油经济性水平取决于所售轿车与轻型卡车的比例以及这些车辆的尺寸。如果销量从小型车转向大型车，所需的燃油经济性水平就会降低。此外，由于制造商在其车队中实现了平均水平的燃油经济性，因此特定车辆的燃油经济性可能与其标准有所不同。因此，销售组合的变化会影响标准要求的燃油经济性水平，这与消费者选择的燃油经济性水平不同。 虽然2012年至2014年年中，燃油价格保持相对较高和稳定，但2014年夏季开始大幅下降。本文考察了2014年6月至2015年8月期间燃油价格下降对消费者购买新车的影响。考虑到汽车和轻型卡车类别内和类别间的销售变化，我们估计了燃油价格下降对标准要求的燃油经济性水平以及消费者选择的燃油经济性水平的影响。

Fuel economy standards lie at the center of US efforts to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions. In 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Transportation (DOT) set standards for model years 2012 through 2016. The fuel economy requirement that manufacturers have to achieve depends on the size of the vehicles they sell, whereas previous standards set uniform requirements for cars and light trucks. Because of the new structure, the level of fuel economy required by the standards depends on the proportion of cars to light trucks sold, as well as the size of those vehicles. If sales shift from smaller to larger vehicles, the required level of fuel economy decreases. In addition, because manufacturers achieve an average level of fuel economy across their fleet, the fuel economy of a specific vehicle can differ from its standard. Changes in sales mix can, therefore, affect the level of fuel economy required from the standards differently from the level of fuel economy that consumers choose. While fuel prices remained relatively high and stable between 2012 and mid-2014, they began declining sharply in the summer of 2014. This paper examines the effect of lower fuel prices between June 2014 and August 2015 on consumer purchases of new vehicles. Accounting for changes in sales within the car and light truck classes and across classes, we estimate the effects of the decline in fuel prices on the level of fuel economy required by the standards as well as on the level of fuel economy that consumers choose.

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