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2014年IEA国家能源供应安全应急响应ENERGY SUPPLY SECURITY_ Emergency Response of IEA Countries 2014 2014年IEA国家能源供应安全应急响应ENERGY SUPPLY SECURITY_ Emergency Response of IEA Countries 2014

2014年IEA国家能源供应安全应急响应ENERGY SUPPLY SECURITY_ Emergency Response of IEA Countries 2014

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  • 更新时间：2021-09-17
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国际能源机构（iea）成立于1974年，由16个经合组织成员国组成。它的主要任务是执行国际能源计划，这是一项在国际范围内解决石油安全问题的联合战略。该方案是对1973年国际石油中断以及由此产生的广泛宏观经济问题的回应。国际能源机构成立40年来，能源世界发生了重大变化，对能源安全的性质和范围都产生了影响。2013年年中，新兴市场和发展中经济体石油消费首次超过经合组织国家。水平钻井和水力压裂等技术为以前认为太具挑战性或不经济的油气储量开辟了通道。预计到2030年，北美将成为石油净出口国，而大多数其他主要石油消费地区和国家将在更大程度上依赖进口。石油的使用也越来越多地转向亚太市场，远离大西洋盆地。自1974年以来，天然气在世界能源结构中发挥着越来越大的作用，从占一次能源供应总量的16%增长到21%以上。2008年，经合组织非成员经济体的天然气需求超过了经合组织国家。由于长输管道的发展和液化天然气的跨区域贸易，天然气市场正变得更加全球化。近年来，电力安全已成为许多新兴市场以及经合组织成员国日益关注的问题。2011年至2035年期间，电力需求的增长速度将超过任何其他最终形式的能源，增长超过三分之二。经合组织国家燃气发电量的稳步增长加强了电力和燃气部门之间的联系，增加了两者的供应风险。

The International Energy Agency (IEA) was created in 1974 with a membership of 16 OECD member countries. Its primary mandate was to implement the International Energy Program (I.E.P.), a joint strategy to address oil security issues on an international scale. The programme was a response to the international oil disruption of 1973 and to the wide-ranging macroeconomic problems it generated. Considerable changes have taken place in the energy world in the four decades since the founding of the IEA that have had an impact on both the nature and the scope of energy security. In mid-2013, emerging market and developing economies overtook the OECD countries in oil consumption for the first time. Techniques such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have opened access to oil and gas reserves that were previously considered too challenging or uneconomical to develop. North America is expected to become a net exporter of oil before 2030, while most other major oil-consuming regions and countries will rely on imports to a greater extent. Oil use is also increasingly moving towards Asia- Pacific markets and away from the Atlantic basin. Natural gas has played an ever greater role in the world’s energy mix, growing from 16% to over 21% of total primary energy supply (TPES) in the period since 1974. Natural gas demand in OECD non-member economies overtook that of the OECD countries in 2008. The natural gas market is becoming more global, thanks to the development of longer pipelines and inter-regional trade of liquefied natural gas. Electricity security has become a growing concern in many emerging markets as well as in OECD member countries in recent years. Demand for electricity is set to rise faster than any other final form of energy, expanding by more than two-thirds over the period from 2011 to 2035. The steady increase in gas-fired electricity generation in OECD countries has strengthened linkages between the power and the gas sectors, increasing supply risks for both.

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