首页 > 资料下载 > 中东和北非地区的政治飓风：社会契约变化背景下的能源定价改革NAVIGATING POLITICAL HURRICANES IN THE MENA REGION: ENERGY PRICING REFO
中东和北非地区的政治飓风：社会契约变化背景下的能源定价改革NAVIGATING POLITICAL HURRICANES IN THE MENA REGION: ENERGY PRICING REFO 中东和北非地区的政治飓风：社会契约变化背景下的能源定价改革NAVIGATING POLITICAL HURRICANES IN THE MENA REGION: ENERGY PRICING REFO

中东和北非地区的政治飓风：社会契约变化背景下的能源定价改革NAVIGATING POLITICAL HURRICANES IN THE MENA REGION: ENERGY PRICING REFO

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  • 更新时间：2021-09-20
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本文分析了阿拉伯之春以来中东北非能源价格改革的政治经济学。由于低能源价格历来是中东和北非大多数国家社会契约的基石，能源价格上涨主要是一个政治经济挑战。由于以补贴为基础的福利分配制度的维持成本过高，近年来所有进口国都开始提高能源价格。同样，由于财政压力（除其他外，由于最近国际油价较低），出口国已着手进行能源定价改革。 本文研究了中东和北非地区不同政治经济体政府实施物价上涨的条件。它评估了该区域六个具体国家（突尼斯、摩洛哥、埃及、约旦、沙特阿拉伯和伊朗），并为每个国家解释了（1）为什么需要改革，（2）政治联盟如何影响改革规划和实施，以及（3）社会契约动态如何影响改革。

This paper analyzes the political economy of energy pricing reforms in the Middle East and North African since the Arab Spring. As low energy prices have historically been a cornerstone of the social contract in most MENA countries, increasing energy prices is predominantly a political economic challenge. As the subsidy-based welfare distribution system has become too costly to maintain, all importing countries have started increasing energy prices in recent years. Similarly, as a result of fiscal stress (among others because of recent low international oil prices), exporting countries have embarked on energy pricing reforms. This paper investigates the conditions under which governments across the MENA region with very different political economies were able to implement price increases. It assesses six specific countries in the region (Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iran) and explains for each country (1) why reform was necessary, (2) how political coalitions affected reform planning and implementation, and (3) how social contract dynamics affected the reforms.

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