DBTL绩效评估:全球最大补贴福利转移计划的见解DBTL Performance Evaluation: Insights from the world’s largest subsidy benef
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在过去的40年里,液化石油气(LPG)在印度得到了普遍的补贴,以以低廉的价格提供清洁的家用烹饪能源。随着液化石油气消费量的增加,在过去10年里,每年的补贴支出增加了两倍多。除了日益增加的补贴负担外,液化石油气补贴计划还面临着以下挑战:(一)将补贴产品用于非预期用途;(二)许多家庭有多种联系;(三)城市和相对高收入阶层之间液化石油气补贴(和消费)的分配不均。 为了遏制分流和消除重复连接,印度政府启动了液化石油气直接利益转移(DBTL)计划,直接向消费者的银行账户提供液化石油气补贴。该计划于2013年6月首次试点启动,但后来因消费者不满而暂停。根据专家委员会的建议,2015年1月1日,修改后的DBTL计划在全国启动。它拥有近1.5亿注册受益人(家庭),现在被公认为世界上最大的福利转移计划。 我们对修订后的DBTL计划进行了独立的绩效评估,重点评估该计划相对于其既定目标和实施过程的有效性,以及关键利益相关者在该计划实施和影响方面的经验。研究还揭示了不同利益相关者面临的困难,并提出了改革建议。最后,它提供了从该计划的实施中吸取的经验教训。我们采用混合研究方法,包括对1270户家庭和92家液化石油气经销商的初步调查,以及对古吉拉特邦、哈里亚纳邦和喀拉拉邦三个邦的实地官员和银行经理的半结构化访谈。此外,我们还采访了石油销售公司(OMC)和石油天然气部(MoPNG)的高级官员。
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has been universally subsidized in India for last 40 years to provide clean domestic cooking energy at an affordable price. With a rise in LPG consumption, the annual subsidy outlay has more than tripled over the last 10 years. Apart from a rising subsidy burden, the LPG subsidy program has been facing the challenges of: (i) diversion of subsidized product for unintended purposes; (ii) multiple connections in many households; and (iii) skewed distribution of LPG subsidies (and consumption) among urban and relatively high-income classes. With the aim to curb diversion and weed out duplicate connections, the Government of India launched the Direct Benefit Transfer for LPG (DBTL) scheme to provide LPG subsidies directly into consumers’ bank accounts. The scheme was first launched in June 2013 on a pilot basis, but was later suspended due to consumer grievances. Based on the recommendations of an expert committee, the modified DBTL scheme was launched across the country on January 1, 2015. With close to 150 million enrolled beneficiaries (households), it is now recognized as the world’s largest benefit transfer scheme. We conducted an independent performance evaluation of the modified DBTL scheme, with a focus on assessing the efficacy of the scheme against its stated objectives and its implementation process, as well as the experiences of key stakeholders with the scheme’s implementation and impact. The study also unravels the difficulties faced by different stakeholders and puts forward suggestions for reforms. Finally, it provides insights into the lessons learned from the scheme’s implementation. We used the mixed methods approach of research comprising a primary survey of 1,270 households and 92 LPG distributors, and semi-structured interviews with field officers and bank managers across the three states of Gujarat, Haryana and Kerala. In addition, we interviewed senior officials at the oil marketing companies (OMCs) and the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG).
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