非常规石油和天然气对于公共教育的影响Impacts of Unconventional Oil and Gas Booms on Public Education A Mixed-Methods A

非常规油气开发已经彻底改变了全球能源市场，特别是在美国。快速的工业扩张在社区一级也产生了重大而广泛的影响。本研究深入研究了宾夕法尼亚州、俄亥俄州、西弗吉尼亚州、北达科他州、蒙大拿州和科罗拉多州6个石油和天然气生产州在K-12之前的教育影响，以了解最近资源繁荣对学生入学、教师、公共教育财政的好处和挑战，以及学生成绩指标。从短期和长期来看，了解这种繁荣对公共教育的影响意义重大，这主要是因为它们对教育成就、基于职业的决策以及随后对社区经济健康的潜在影响。一个混合方法设计，耦合差异统计分析和广泛的访谈，揭示了一系列关键的见解跨州和州内。大体上，我们发现在美国东部和西部的学区之间，学生入学率、学生-教师比率以及每个学生的收入和支出的趋势是不同的。与许多现有文献相比，所有地区的访谈都报道了对辍学率增加的关注。金融不确定性带来的压力在所有繁荣地区也很严重和普遍。综合起来，这一分析强调了混合方法方法的重要性，并警告不要在不同的繁荣地区过度概括影响。

Unconventional oil and gas development has revolutionized the global energy marketplace, particularly in the United States. Rapid industry expansion has also had significant and widespread impacts at the community level. This study provides an in-depth look at pre-K–12 educational impacts across six oil- and gas-producing states—Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, North Dakota, Montana, and Colorado—to understand the benefits and challenges of the recent resource booms on student enrollment, teachers, public education finances, and student achievement metrics. Understanding the effects of such booms on public education is significant in the short and long term, notably because of their potential influence on educational achievement, career-based decisionmaking, and subsequently, the economic health of a community. A mixed-methods design, coupling difference-in-difference statistical analysis with extensive interviews, reveals a series of key insights across and within states. Broadly, we find divergent trends in student enrollment, student-teacher ratios, and per pupil revenue and expenses between school districts in the eastern versus western United States. In contrast to much of the existing literature, interviews across all regions reported minimal concern with increased dropout rates. Stress from financial uncertainty was also acute and common across all boom districts. Taken together, this analysis underscores the importance of the mixed-methods approach and cautions against overgeneralization of effects across disparate boom regions.