首页 > 资料下载 > 美国-欧盟跨大西洋贸易和投资伙伴关系中能源处理的考虑CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ENERGY IN THE US–EU TRANSATLANTIC TRAD
美国-欧盟跨大西洋贸易和投资伙伴关系中能源处理的考虑CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ENERGY IN THE US–EU TRANSATLANTIC TRAD 美国-欧盟跨大西洋贸易和投资伙伴关系中能源处理的考虑CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ENERGY IN THE US–EU TRANSATLANTIC TRAD

美国-欧盟跨大西洋贸易和投资伙伴关系中能源处理的考虑CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ENERGY IN THE US–EU TRANSATLANTIC TRAD

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  • 更新时间:2021-09-22
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虽然美国和欧洲联盟之间关于跨大西洋贸易和投资伙伴关系(TTIP)的谈判并没有像拟议中的美国太平洋盆地跨太平洋伙伴关系(TTP)那样受到美国媒体的关注,从全球GDP总量和潜在的贸易问题来看,这两项交易具有相似的规模和重要性。TTIP谈判中出现的一个关键问题是,在是否包括一个单独的能源章节方面存在分歧。欧盟支持这样一个章节,希望它将有助于确保美国石油和天然气产量的增加,并有可能成为一套能源贸易示范条款,有助于与其他国家,特别是其东部国家的谈判。欧盟高度依赖俄罗斯的石油和天然气,一直在寻找使其供应基础多样化的途径。美国并没有完全反对这一章,但对这一章的必要性表示怀疑。谈判的动态使双方处于潜在的不寻常地位。长期以来,美国一直致力于消除能源产品出口壁垒和欧盟多样化能源供应,而不得不限制原油出口,以及潜在的强有力的国内政治反对派来放松它们。支持替代能源和减少化石燃料消耗的欧盟(eu)正面临着围绕北美迅速扩张的油气生产(包括水力压裂和加拿大油砂开采)的环境争议。

While the negotiations between the United States and the European Union for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) have not received as much US press attention as the proposed US-Pacific basin TransPacific Partnership (TTP) has, the two deals are of a similar magnitude and importance in terms of total global GDP and trade potentially at issue. One key issue that has emerged from the TTIP negotiations is a disagreement over whether to include a separate chapter on energy. The European Union favors such a chapter, in hopes it would help it secure access to increasing production of US oil and natural gas and potentially serve as a set of model trade-in-energy provisions that would help in negotiations with other countries, particularly those to its East. Highly dependent on Russian oil and natural gas, the EU has been looking for ways to diversify its supply base. The United States has not outright opposed such a chapter, but has indicated skepticism that it is necessary. The dynamics of the negotiation put both sides in potential unusual positions. The United States, long a champion of removing export barriers in energy goods and of the European Union diversifying its energy supplies, has to wrestle with restrictions on crude oil exports and the potential strong domestic political opposition to relaxing them. The European Union, which supports alternative energy sources and reducing fossil fuel consumption, faces becoming entangled in the environmental controversies around the rapidly expanding oil and gas production in North America – including hydraulic fracturing and the exploitation of the Canadian oil sands.

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