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各国政府每年在清洁能源研发上的支出超过100亿美元。在“创新使命”（Mission Innovation）下，这一数额将大幅增长。2015年11月，20个国家在巴黎气候大会开幕式上提出了在5年内将清洁能源研发预算翻一番的倡议。这项新的资金可以大大有助于减少碳排放和能源贫困，尽管仅仅增加资金并不一定能带来更好的结果。要实现使命创新的全部承诺，研究支出必须有很好的针对性，研究成果必须找到市场化的途径。帮助资金流向最有希望的研究课题的一种方法是提高对世界各地相关工作的了解。尽管政府研发项目之间的信息共享可能很困难，但各国政府已表明愿意在包括国际能源署技术合作项目在内的多个论坛上共同致力于清洁能源研发。为了使清洁能源研发计划产生影响，其成果必须商业化。在现有的筹资机制下，这往往是困难的或不可能的，导致“死亡谷”在货架上留下了许多技术上成功的创新。2015年11月成立的由27位亿万富翁组成的“突破性能源联盟”（Breakthrough Energy Coalition）部分意在解决这一问题。太阳能是清洁能源研发的一个特别重要的领域。尽管太阳能发电成本在下降，部署在增加，但该行业仍然年轻。透明太阳能电池和钙钛矿材料等主题的研发可以显著加快成本降低。各国政府每年在太阳能光伏研发项目上的投入超过9亿美元。
National governments spend more than $10 billion per year on clean energy R&D. These amounts will grow significantly under Mission Innovation, an initiative to double clean energy R&D budgets in five years launched by 20 countries at the opening of the Paris climate conference in November 2015. This new funding could help significantly to cut carbon emissions and energy poverty, although more money alone will not necessarily deliver better results. To realize the full promise of Mission Innovation, research spending must be well targeted and research results must find their way to market. One way to help channel funds to the most promising research topics is to improve understanding of related work around the world. Although information sharing among government R&D programs can be difficult, governments have demonstrated a willingness to work together on clean energy R&D in several fora including the International Energy Agency’s Technology Collaboration Programs. For clean energy R&D programs to have impact, their results must be commercialized. This is often difficult or impossible with existing funding mechanisms, resulting in a “Valley of Death” that leaves many technically successful innovations on the shelf. The Breakthrough Energy Coalition, a group of 27 billionaires also launched in November 2015, is in part intended to address this problem. Solar power is an especially important area of clean energy R&D. Although solar power costs are falling and deployments increasing, the industry is still young. R&D on topics such as transparent solar cells and perovskite materials could significantly accelerate cost reductions. National governments spend more than $900 million annually on solar PV R&D programs.
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