International Atomic Energy Agency Annual Report 2003国际原子能机构2003年度报告

Look back on this year1. A number of world events during the past year have posed important challenges to the international atomic energy agency.In the field of nuclear non-proliferation, the iaea has become a centre of worldwide attention and has demonstrated its ability to conduct effective and credible inspections.Last year was also the 50th anniversary of US President Dwight Eisenhower's "atoms for peace" speech to the UN general assembly, in which he laid out ideas that would enable mankind to make full use of the benefits of nuclear energy while minimizing its risks, which led to the creation of the atomic energy agency.Last year was a notable success for the iaea in its efforts to ensure that the benefits of nuclear technology are Shared globally for economic and social development.2. "looking back on the year" will focus on some of the major issues and challenges faced by the iaea and the international community during the year, while providing a perspective on emerging trends.technologyMaintain the continuity of nuclear knowledge and skills3. Since the late 1980s, nuclear power generation has grown almost at the same rate as global electricity production as a whole, by about 2.5 per cent a year.But that growth is well below the rapid expansion of nuclear power in the 1970s and early 1980s, and many universities and governments have now reduced or withdrawn support for research in nuclear science and engineering.The need to manage a large number of existing nuclear facilities (including licensing extensions) and to adopt next-generation plant designs has led member states to become increasingly aware of the need to develop succession plans for the nuclear industry to ensure that a new generation of young people with formal education and appropriate skills can replace the ageing nuclear workforce.In response to this situation, the agency has made the preservation of nuclear knowledge a high priority, a cross-cutting activity that covers all areas of the agency's programme.For example, a pilot project was launched in 2003 to build a fast reactor data and knowledge base to support future work in this area.In education, the focus has always been on providing guidance in support of nuclear education at the university level.Iaea, together with the oecd/nuclear energy agency, the world federation of nuclear operators and the world nuclear association, supported the creation of the world nuclear university in September 2003.Over time the world nuclear university should become the coordinating research institution for assessing the nuclear training and education needs of the participating countries.Another area for future work will be the development of standard materials and curricula for training courses and the development of internet-based and other remote teaching methods.

回眸这一年

1. 在过去一年里发生的一些世界性事件向国际原子能机构提出了重要挑战。在防止核 扩散领域，原子能机构已经成为举世瞩目的中心，并已证明它有能力开展有效和可信的 视察。去年也是美国总统德怀特•艾森豪威尔在联合国大会发表“原子用于和平”演讲 50周年，他在演讲中提出了将使人类能够在充分利用核能所带来的利益的同时又尽可能 减少其风险的构想，这一构想导致成立了原子能机构。去年是原子能机构在努力确保全 球共享核技术利益以促进经济和社会发展方面取得显著成功的一年。

2. “回眸这一年”将重点阐述原子能机构和国际社会在这一年里面临的一些重大问题 和挑战，同时提出对新出现的发展趋势的展望。

技术

保持核知识和核技能的连续性

3. 自二十世纪80年代末期以来，核发电增长的速度几乎与全球整个电力生产的增长 同步，每年大约增长2.5%。但是，这种增长远低于核电在二十世纪70年代和80年代 初期的迅速扩展，并且许多大学和政府目前已经减少或取消了对核科学和核工程研究的 支持。对管理大量现有核设施（包括许可证延长）和采用新一代电厂设计的要求已使成 员国愈加认识到需要制订核工业的继承计划，以确保受过正规教育和拥有适当技能的新 一代青年能够接替老化的核职工队伍。

为了应对这种状况，原子能机构已将保存核知识作为一个高度优先事项，这是一项 涉及原子能机构所有计划领域的交叉活动。例如，2003年启动了 1个试验项目，以期建 立1个快堆数据和知识库来支持这一领域今后的工作。在教育方面，其重点始终是为支 持大学一级的核教育提供指导。原子能机构与经合组织/核能机构、世界核电营运者联 合会和世界核协会共同支助了 2003年9月世界核大学的创立。随着时间的推移，世界 核大学应成为评定参加国有关核培训和教育需求的协调研究机构。今后工作的另一些领 域是制订培训班的标准教材和课程以及发展基于因特网和其他远程教学的方法。