可再生能源与就业年度回顾2017Renewable Energy and Jobs Annual Review 2017
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- 更新时间:2021-09-29
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2016年,全球可再生能源行业雇佣了980万人,比2015年增长了1.1%。2016年,不包括大型水电在内的可再生能源就业岗位增加2.8%,达到830万个。中国、巴西、美国、印度、日本和德国提供了大部分可再生能源工作。向亚洲的转移仍在继续,全球62%的人口在亚洲。R太阳能光伏(PV)是最大的雇主,有310万个工作岗位,比2015年增长了12%。增长主要来自中国、美国和印度,而日本的就业人数首次下降,欧盟的就业人数也在继续下降。美国、德国、印度和巴西的新风电装机增加了120万个就业岗位,对全球风电就业增长贡献了7%。液体生物燃料(170万个工作岗位)、固体生物质(70万个工作岗位)和沼气(30万个工作岗位)也是主要的雇主,工作岗位主要集中在原料供应方面。巴西、中国、美国和印度是关键的生物能源就业市场。由于中国、巴西和欧盟等主要市场安装速度放缓,太阳能供热和制冷行业的就业岗位减少了12%,至80万个。大型水电工程直接就业150万人,其中约60%从事运维工作。主要的就业市场是中国、印度、巴西、俄罗斯联邦和越南。可再生能源就业领域的性别歧视似乎没有整个能源行业那么明显。然而,就业和晋升方面的挑战依然存在。为了了解区域动态,IRENA、BNEF和CEBC在中东和北非(MENA)地区进行了一项调查,以确定进入壁垒,并采取行动解决清洁能源劳动力市场中的性别歧视问题。行动包括:指导和培训,支持养育,公平和透明的过程,以及多样化的目标。
Global renewable energy sector employed 9.8 million people in 2016 – a 1.1% increase over 2015. Jobs in renewables, excluding large hydropower, increased by 2.8% to reach 8.3 million in 2016. R China, Brazil, the United States, India, Japan and Germany accounted for most of the renewable energy jobs. The shift to Asia continued, with 62% of the global total located in the continent. R Solar photovoltaic (PV) was the largest employer, with 3.1 million jobs, up 12% from 2015. The growth came mainly from China, the United States and India, whereas jobs decreased for the first time in Japan, and continued to decline in the European Union. R New wind installations in the United States, Germany, India and Brazil contributed to a 7% increase in global wind employment, which reached 1.2 million jobs. R Liquid biofuels (1.7 million jobs), solid biomass (0.7 million) and biogas (0.3 million) were also major employers, with jobs concentrated in feedstock supply. Brazil, China, the United States and India were key bioenergy job markets. R Jobs in solar heating and cooling declined 12% to 0.8 million amid an installation slowdown in major markets such as China, Brazil and the European Union. R Large hydropower employed 1.5 million people (direct jobs), with around 60% of those in operation and maintenance. Key job markets were China, India, Brazil, the Russian Federation and Viet Nam. R Gender discrimination in renewable energy employment seems less pronounced than in the energy sector at large. However, challenges to employment and promotion remain. To understand regional dynamics, IRENA, BNEF, and CEBC conducted a survey in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to identify the barriers to entry as well as actions to address gender discrimination in the clean energy labour markets. Actions include: mentorship and training, support for parenting, fair and transparent processes, and targets for diversity.
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