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产前吸入暴露的影响甲醇对非人类灵长类和他们的婴儿后代Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Inhaled

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更新时间：2021-10-08
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为了改善空气质量并减少对石油的依赖，联邦政府，工业界和其他组织鼓励开发替代燃料，例如甲醇来替代汽油或柴油。甲醇也是为燃料电池提供氢的候选者，燃料电池正在被开发用于多种动力源（包括汽车发动机）。在人们暴露于更高浓度的甲醇之前，需要研究此类暴露对健康的潜在影响。甲醇是一种含一个碳原子的简单醇，天然存在于动植物中，参与人体新陈代谢。人们经常在水果，蔬菜和发酵饮料以及含阿斯巴甜（在胃肠道中分解为甲醇）的甜味饮料和软饮料中食用低剂量的甲醇。尽管无处不在，但如果消耗足够的量，甲醇仍可能具有剧毒。摄入甲醇（通常以木酒精或含酒精的酒精饮料的形式）会导致代谢性酸中毒，失明甚至死亡。尽管人体有能力代谢人们经常接触的低剂量甲醇，但它不能处理高剂量，因为太多的甲醇会淹没人体清除有毒代谢物（甲酸盐）的能力。当甲酸积累时，发生甲醇中毒。调节甲酸去除速率的一个因素是维生素叶酸衍生物的肝脏水平。叶酸缺乏的人（包括15％至30％的孕妇）可能特别容易受到甲醇的毒性作用。

In an effort to improve air quality and decrease dependence on petroleum, the federal government, industry, and other groups have encouraged development of alternative fuels such as methanol to substitute for gasoline or diesel fuel. Methanol is also a candidate to provide the hydrogen for fuel cells, which are being developed for a variety of power sources (including motor vehicle engines). Before people are exposed to increased concentrations of methanol, the potential health effects of such exposures require study. Methanol, a simple alcohol containing one carbon atom, occurs naturally in plants and animals and participates in human metabolism. People regularly consume low doses of methanol in fruits, vegetables, and fermented beverages as well as soft drinks and foods sweetened with aspartame (which breaks down to methanol in the gastrointestinal tract). Despite its ubiquitous presence, methanol can be highly toxic if sufficient quantities are consumed. Ingestion of methanol (usually in the form of wood alcohol or tainted alcoholic beverages) can result in metabolic acidosis, blindness, and even death. Although the body has the capacity to metabolize the low doses of methanol to which people are regularly exposed, it cannot handle high doses because too much methanol overwhelms the body’s ability to remove a toxic metabolite (formate). When formate accumulates, methanol poisoning occurs. One factor that regulates the rate at which formate is removed is the liver level of a derivative of the vitamin folic acid. People who are deficient in folic acid (including 15% to 30% of pregnant women) may be particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of methanol.

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产前吸入暴露的影响甲醇对非人类灵长类和他们的婴儿后代Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Inhaled

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