首页 > 资料下载 > 澳大利亚燃煤发电“刚刚过渡”的前景：从关闭哈泽尔伍德发电站中学习Prospects for a “just transition” away from coal-fired power generat
澳大利亚燃煤发电“刚刚过渡”的前景：从关闭哈泽尔伍德发电站中学习Prospects for a “just transition” away from coal-fired power generat 澳大利亚燃煤发电“刚刚过渡”的前景：从关闭哈泽尔伍德发电站中学习Prospects for a “just transition” away from coal-fired power generat

澳大利亚燃煤发电“刚刚过渡”的前景：从关闭哈泽尔伍德发电站中学习Prospects for a “just transition” away from coal-fired power generat

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在2017年3月相对突然关闭之前，位于维多利亚州拉特罗布山谷的哈泽尔伍德电站是澳大利亚碳排放最密集的发电站。它成为澳大利亚对煤炭依赖的象征，也是自2000年代中期以来围绕气候政策展开的激烈政治斗争中的一个选举战场。2016年底，Hazelwood的所有者法国跨国电力公司Engie宣布，由于商业原因，将关闭该工厂，因此有点震惊。我们认为，澳大利亚的政治和经济机构有助于解释恩吉关闭核电站的自主决定、通知期短以及缺乏关闭前的政府过渡政策。这些机构不鼓励长期的政策制定，并鼓励针对边缘选民的不成比例的寻票活动。然而，直截了当的“寻求投票”过于简单化地解释了在榛树林关闭时宣布的过渡政策。特别重要的是，在过去几年中，澳大利亚能源部门从煤炭向可再生能源的过渡实际上已经成为一种必然。这一趋势的一个重要结果是，澳大利亚联盟运动的立场转变为倡导“公正过渡”政策，使其更接近环境团体，并在某些情况下与环境团体结盟。

Until its relatively sudden closure in March 2017, the Hazelwood Power Station in Victoria’s Latrobe Valley was the most carbon-intensive electricity generator in Australia. It became a symbol of Australia’s reliance on coal and an electoral battleground in the bitter political struggles over climate policy that have raged since the mid-2000s. The announcement by Hazelwood’s owners, French multinational power company, Engie, in late 2016 that it would be closing the plant for commercial reasons, therefore came as somewhat of a shock. We argue that Australia’s political and economic institutions help to explain the autonomous decision of Engie to close the plant, the short notice period, and the lack of pre-closure government transition policy. These institutions discourage longterm policymaking and encourage a disproportionate amount of vote-seeking activity directed at marginal electorates. Straightforward “vote-seeking” is however too simplistic an explanation of the transition policies announced at the time of the Hazelwood closure. Of particular relevance is the fact that, over the last few years, the transition away from coal and towards renewable energy has become a virtual inevitability in the Australian energy sector. One important outcome of this trend has been the shift in position of the Australian union movement towards advocacy for “just transition” policies, bringing it both closer to—and, in some cases, in alliance with—environmental groups.

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